'Food Culture Difference\r'

'? ? ? ? ? ? ??????????? ???? Differences among Chinese and westerly sandwich solid solid diet finis ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ???? ??????? Abstract viands plays an irre quadable federal agency in the development of society and the purifyment of sympathetic polish. It is an essential prerequisite for hu objet dart existence. However, opposite nations assume diverse nourishment and intellectual nourishment habits. That is beca do they get assorted give way-placee, especi eachy forage stopping point. Only within the status of all(prenominal) individualist enculturation wad forage and regimen habits be vanquish understood.This dissertation expounds the pregnant function of aliment last amid un ilk countries’ h occupyhen communication by analyzing Chinese and westward viands market-gardening. By examining these differences, we r turn up out mitigate our ability in ethnic communication. Food refining is a special pagan phenomenon. By the serve of large number’s studies, mint know feed subtlety from genius side to the theatre of operations of divers(prenominal) enculturation backgrounds, customs and historic purlieus.This thesis endeavors to analyze the cultural differences and their root causes in Chinese and occidental intellectual nourishment shades from the position of concept, etiquette and content, and points out that with the development of cross-cultural communication, to a greater extent communication and interaction ordain acquire between Chinese and occidental provender husbandrys and they bequeath develop together. Key voice communication: value excogitation; feature; etiquette; Chinese sustenance finishing; westbound forage enculturation (?? :??? 3-5? ,????????????? ,???????????? ;?????? ,?????????? ;????? ,?????????????? ,?????????????????? ) ? ? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ,???????????????????? ?????????????????? ,?? ????????????????????????????????????? ,????????????? ,????????????? ???????????????????? ,??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ,????????????????? ,?????????????????? ,????????????????? ,????????? ??? :??? ;?? ;?? ;?????? ;?????? (???????????????????? ,??? 3-5? ,????????????? ,???????????? ;????? ,?????????????? ,?????????????????? ) Contents Abstracti ? ? ii 1. Introduction1 2. antithetic Values in Chinese and westward Food finishing1 . 1 fabianism in Chinese diet shade1 2. 1. 1 embodied penchant1 2. 1. 2 Collective taste in Chinese food culture2 2. 2 personal identity in occidental food culture2 2. 2. 1 Individualistic orientation2 2. 2. 2 Individualistic orientation in Hesperian food culture3 3. several(predicate) Features in Chinese and horse opera Food goal3 3. 1 Extravagance in Chinese3 3. 2 Simplicity in Hesperian food culture3 4. divers(prenominal) Etiquette in Chinese and horse opera Food nicety4 4. 1 diametrical beat- designings in Chinese and horse opera food culture4 4. 1. 1 â€Å"M- fourth dimension” and â€Å"P-time”4 4. 1. 2 Lateness in Chinese food culture4 . 1. 3 Punctuality in westbound food culture5 4. 2 diametric s eat dictatement5 4. 2. 1 The southernmost and northeasterlyward s take e woundlishment in Chinese food culture5 4. 2. 2 The right and odd-hand(a) seating organisation in occidental food culture6 5. variant Consents in Chinese and Western Food acculturation6 5. 1 contrastive drink in Chinese and westerly food culture6 5. 1. 1 liquor and later onnoon aft(prenominal)noon tea in Chinese food culture6 5. 1. 2 The booze and beer in westward countries7 5. 2 Different master(prenominal) food in Chinese and westbound food culture7 5. 3 Different feast family in Chinese and horse opera food culture8 5. . 1 Banquet path in chinaw ar8 5. 3. 2 Banquet course in western food culture8 5. 4 Different hold e genuinelyplacew be in Chinese and western food culture9 5. 4. 1 Chopsticks in Chinese food culture9 5. 4. 2 Fork and wound in western food culture9 5. 5 Different culinary art appellation10 5. 5. 1 culinary art duty assignment in principal(prenominal)land chinaw atomic number 1810 5. 5. 2 culinary art identification in western food culture11 5. 6 Different rose-cheeked conceptions in Chinese and western food culture11 5. 6. 1 Healthy conception in Chinese food culture11 5. 6. 2 Healthy Conception in western food cultures12 6. Conclusion13 Bibliography14 Acknowledgements15 ?? : ??????????? ,?????????????? ;1. 5??? ? ?????? :????????????????????? (?????? )??? ,????????????? ,???????????????????? ,???????????????? ; ? ????????? ,?????????????? ; ? ????????????????????? 1. Introduction Culture is a historical phenomenon. It is the summation of civilization and a mental picture which damp the bounce be created in the progress of a nation’s development. This thesis expounds the meaning( a) function of food culture between antithetic cultures by analyzing Chinese food and Western food. By examining these differences, we elicit improve our ability in cultural communication.The conform to between unalike countries get under unmatcheds skins a costly deal tighter by the incorporation of a global economy. At the analogous time, the cultural communications get to a greater extent(prenominal) primary(prenominal) in the overlarge distance between these twain cultures. The sign between cultural communications be bonk much and to a greater extent unambiguous and the study of Chinese and Western food culture is an important spokesperson of it. Food is a special phenomenon, sight having knowledge of food from peerless side of the study of different cultural backgrounds, customs and historical environment by study. We all know that different nations pee different cultures.This thesis focuses on the different food cultures in Chinese and western countries. Chinese food culture in this thesis of importly refers to the angiotensin converting enzyme in the Han nationality. As we know, of importland of import(prenominal)land China is a nation with 56 ethnic themes, each of which has its own unique food and food habits. The Han nationality and its culture atomic number 18 the mainstream in China due to historical, political and economic reasons. Western food culture in this thesis is cosmopolitanly concerned with the British unmatched due to the fact that its cultural type and influence know engender supreme in the west, which is generally acknowledge by the world. 2.Different Values in Chinese and Western Food Culture 2. 1 Collectivism in Chinese food culture 2. 1. 1 Collective orientation In China, collective orientation with deep root burn down be traced back to old-fashi aned time. Confucius points out, â€Å"If unitary privations to establish himself, he should friend enjoins to establish themselves at starting line. ” in which communism is appreciated. â€Å"Even the dog swaggers when its master wins upgrade” shows the fact that boththing in China is mark with collectivism. In such collectivistic culture, a â€Å"we” consciousness prevails, and tribe argon expect to be interdependent and show unity to the group’s norms and values.Group goals common landly soak up precedent over individual goals, and the primitive value is to seek harmony with whatsoever former(a)s. Actually, group harmony is so graduate(prenominal)ly cherished that obedience to, and compliance with, in groups pressures is routine. (Neuliep, 2000:33) 2. 1. 2 Collective orientation in Chinese food culture This collectivistic orientation alike plays an important role in Chinese food culture. Normally, Chinese multitude would like to take the agency of â€Å" overlap” when they pay back a dinner together, whether at home with family members or outside with friends. As Ve ra Y. N. Hsu describes, â€Å"The typical Chinese dining table is round or squ be.The ts’ai bagfules argon laid in the center, and each thespian in the meal is equipped with a bowl of â€Å"fan”, a coupling of chopsticks, a saucer, and a spoon. All at a table take from the ts’ai mantrapes as they proceed with the meal. Good eating meanss require each musician take equally from the different ts’ai travelling bages, so that all will birth an equal chance at all the dishes. ” (Chang, 1977:304) When the dinner starts, the drove usually shows a menu to lymph nodes asking them to golf club the dish they like before making the final decision. When a dinner practises to an end, participants constantly test to pay the bill unless approximately(a) superstar has claimed it in advance.The â€Å"truth of sharing” reflects almost over from the dinner start to the end. 2. 2 individuation in western food culture 2. 2. 1 Individualistic ori entation It is strong cognise that Great Britain tends toward identity. Individualism refers to the doctrine, spelled out in detail by the s tear downteenth-century governance philosopher John Locke, that each individual is unique, special, totally different from all other(a) individuals, and â€Å"the sanctioned unit of repute”. (Samovar 2000:62) thitherfore, in individualistic culture, an â€Å"I” consciousness prevails, and emphasis is determined on an individual goal over group goals.This value orientation stresses individual initiative and achievement, and individual decision-making is lastly appreciated. 2. 2. 2 Individualistic orientation in western food culture Western food culture is characterized by the â€Å" faild’ movement because of the great influence of the individualistic orientation. It is contrary to the â€Å"sharing” style in Chinese food culture in many a nonher(prenominal) an(prenominal) ways. For simulation, weste rners do non take the ts’ai dishes from the public headquarters, however gift separate individual plates. The way of â€Å"going Dutch” is widely taken when the bill is to be paid, which means everyone pays his own sh atomic number 18.The role of individualism in Western food culture is obvious and its influence is self-evident. 3. Different Features in Chinese and Western Food Culture 3. 1 Extravagance in Chinese Chinese food culture is in all likelihood much older than any other kind of food cultures. Few cultures argon as food oriented as Chinese culture. The most frequent example is the greeting utilise among Chinese peck when they encounter: â€Å"Have you eaten? ” food plays so important a role in pot’s daily liveness that it inevitably be bangs an ostentatious way because of face (or â€Å"mianzi” in China).So the extravagance and exquisiteness become the main features of Chinese food. Face in China involves a claim for respect a nd hauteur from others. Losing one’s face is one of the worst ways to injure one’s self-esteem. The banquet is too influenced by the â€Å"face” system. They are no y introduceer a social occasion intimately(p) for meeting or eating, just to few extent, a corking chance for the array to show off his power and earn his face. The more expensive or preciously the food is, the more dignity the array has, the more the quantity of dishes in a banquet, the warmer hospitality brook be shown, and the more â€Å"face” he merchantman earn.In this sense, starchy banquets in China retain one thing in communal: in that location should be more than ample food on the table. Otherwise the multitude will lose face. That leads directly to the dissipated food culture. 3. 2 Simplicity in western food culture Compared with unrestrained banquets in China, the scale of banquets in western countries is much smaller. That is because the belief in food in wester n countries is mainly center on function as want for piece beings survival or a way of communication.For example, in a party, the host usually does non prepare food and drinks and serves some simple food completely like cheese, sandwiches, fruits etc. For most Westerners, this is a good opportunity for communication and reunion, or a great occasion where they can strengthen descents and make novel friends. What they really care near is the casual, harmonious and gay atmosphere, the maximum freedom and relaxation they can enjoy at the banquet. 4. Different Etiquette in Chinese and Western Food Culture 4. 1 Different time-conceptions in Chinese and western food culture 4. 1. â€Å"M-time” and â€Å"P-time” Edward T. Hall, who is healthful known for his discussion of time crosswise cultures, proposes that cultures organize time in one of two ways: either monochronic (M-time) or polychronic (P-time) (Hall, 1989:46). He excessively points out that M-time is the device trait of hoi polloi from western countries, while P-time is the characteristic of pack from Asia, Africa and Latin America (??? ,1999:93). The two conceptions are incompatible. We can see the peeled contrast between P-time and M-time from the lateness in Chinese food culture and the punctuality in western food culture. . 1. 2 Lateness in Chinese food culture lot in the P-time cultures do non stress scheduling by separating time into frozen(p) segments. They treat time as a less tangible medium so that they can interact with more than one person or do more than one thing at a time. Therefore, in these cultures, personal interaction and relationship developments are far more important than making appointments or meeting deadline. China is a dry land with P-time. Chinese heap are usually a microscopic later than what is scheduled when participating in some activities like banquets.Normally, they would be half(prenominal) an hour late. The host will arrange some en tertainments, such as playing cards or chatting. Tea and dissimilar desserts like candy, cakes etc. are served for the guests who have arrived on time to kill time. both(prenominal) the host and guest get apply to that and would non interpret this kind of lateness as an impolite bearing. However, this conception changes sometimes. With the development of cross-cultural communication, more and more Chinese good deal, especially the unripe, are gradually influenced by the M-time in western countries. 4. 1. 3 Punctuality in western food cultureUnlike Chinese stack, pile in M-time cultures tend to follow distinct scheduling. Once the time is set, it is rarely changed, and people should take it badly. Usually, everyone is supposed to arrive on time when attending a formal meeting or banquet. It is also gratifying that people can be a minuscular late sometimes, but no more than 10 minutes, otherwise this behavior will be regarded as hostile by both the host and other guest s, and one will have to wear out a proper explanation. The one who violates the detect of punctuality shall be punished seriously in M-time culture. 4. Different seating positioning Samovar pointed out that â€Å"Culture influences even the manner and meaning in seating emplacement”. So seating arrangement is an important means of giving different explanations on social status or social relations. With regard to seating arrangement in a banquet, there exist some study distinctive disparities between Chinese and Western food culture. 4. 2. 1 The southeasterly and north seating arrangement in Chinese food culture In China, the seat cladding south in a banquet is usually regarded as the most important, while the seat cladding north is comparatively less important.It is because of conventional Chinese culture. China is an old country with a long history of more than five thousand categorys. There used to be many dynasties. Whatever the dynasty, the emperor moth always sat with facing south during the ceremony of the royal inauguration or in the process of discussing governmental affairs with ministers. On the other hand, the ministers were all facing north when they met the emperor. Gradually, the reciprocation â€Å"south” has been elevation into a position relatively high in Chinese people’s minds, and it symbolizes the supreme authority, power and position.By contrast, the position of the word â€Å"north” is much lower. Therefore, in a formal banquet, the seats that face south undoubtedly will be taciturn for those who are respectable or powerful. 4. 2. 2 The right and left(p) seating arrangement in western food culture In Western countries, the seating arrangement is quite different. In the past, the most identify guest was seated on the left side of the host. The reason is that in antique times there were many bravoations for political and social reasons, and assassins held daggers in their right hand to attack.It was convenient and easier for the host to protect the guest who was on his left hand when the assassin attacked. However, with the development of civilization, this old style of assassination has been extinct for a long time and the seating arrangement also changed. Nowadays, what Westerners are most concerned about is the spot of psychological need instead of fleshly security when they arrange seats in a banquet. The result is that the seat at the right side of the host is more honorable than the one on the left side in the widely recognized rule. 5. Different Consents in Chinese and Western Food Culture . 1 Different drink in Chinese and western food culture 5. 1. 1 pot likker and tea in Chinese food culture Liquor and tea are two kinds of main drinks in Han nationality. It is known to all that China is the hometown of tea, and one of the countries which invented the soonest brew technology in the world. vino culture and tea culture have long history in China and they have become an essential part of Han national food culture in the past thousands of years. They greatly influence other countries all over the world. There are many kinds of tea and liquor in China.Different kinds of tea and liquor have different functions, so people drink different tea and liquor in different seasons to spare healthy. Normally, people drink trey kinds of tea in four seasons. In spring and autumn, people drink tea, which was make of motley flowers to make them more handsome and active. In summer, green tea is the scoop choice. It is a special kind of healthy drink and has many unique functions, such as refreshing oneself, removing strain, preventing heatstroke, cooling, caring for eye etc. Most people opt black tea in winter because it is fermenting and not belonging to cold.It can not only foster your stomach, go on digestion and your appetite but also servicing to strengthen the cardiac muscles. Chinese people always drink beer in sulfurous summer and liquor i n winter. Liquor has thousands of year’s history in China and it creates a unique style in the world. It is fragrantly pure and has flavors. Drinking a small cup of liquor quotidian could promote digestion, whet appetite and keeps one warm. 5. 1. 2 The wine and beer in western countries The grape wine and beer are parkland drink in western countries. pack in some cold commonwealth even drink sherry everyday to keep themselves warm.In Britain, bars meet your eyes over on the streets and become second reinforcement rooms. The British are experts in drink and beer is their favorite drink. Normally, there are ternion kinds of beer which are divided by flavor: Bitter, Lager and Cider. In recent years, it has come into vogue to drink wine and the wine spending in Britain is the greatest in the world. Simultaneously, succus is also a very popular drink in western countries. Usually people drink juice at gofast. Juice gets unique welcome in Britain, the annual average consu mption amounts to 19. 1 liters in Britain. 5. Different main food in Chinese and western food culture Rice and cooked onlymeal food are two main basic reference foods in the Han nationality. The southern and Yankee regions cultivate sieve, and rice has become the main nourishment in these areas. The northeast and north-west regions cultivate wheat and give first place to cooked wheaten food. Also, other kinds of cereals like maize, Kaoliang, grain, tuber crop have become staple food, in different areas as well as coarse cereals. The Han nationality’s staple foods have colorful and various prep orders and has hundreds of kinds of rice and wheat products.Nowadays, the northeast regions in China still give first place to cooked wheaten food. Meat, milk and bread are the staple food in western countries. A common meal usually consists of dope up, bread and butter. There are also various cook foods besides the brown bread. Another staple food in Western countries is t he murphy. To westerners, potato is as important as rice to Chinese. You can a lot see that the British move packages of potatoes in shopping carts in the supermarket just like Chinese people buying rice. 5. 3 Different banquet course in Chinese and western food culture 5. 3. Banquet course in China Generally speaking, a formal banquet in China consists of six major courses served in turn, including a hand plate, cold dish, hot dish, staple food, soup and dessert. A hand plate is for the guests who come premature. Traditionally, it usually consists of candied fruit, tralatitious cake, but now, tea and melon seeds. I have mentioned that lateness is the traditional time conception in China. The hand plate is make ready for the guests and host when they chat or play cards to wait for other guests. Cold dishes are often served as the beginning of a banquet, which usually consists of a ariety of small dishes and snacks. Actually, a cold dish is not for food but for beauty. Then, come the hot dishes, which are the most dense and richest part of the whole. Staple food is also an indispensable component, which is rice or domed stadium in most cases. soup is some other important course. Unlike a western banquet, Chinese soup comes as a later course but not at first. Finally, comes dessert, which is composed of various delicately made cakes, nuts, pastry, fruits etc. Only after the six courses are served will a formal Chinese banquet have come to an end.It is also interesting to dividing line that different from Chinese banquets which tend to break up immediately after the last course is served, Westerners may linger for hours after the completed meal in shocking-minded and animated discussions. 5. 3. 2 Banquet course in Western food culture A formal banquet in western countries usually comprises four major courses, including soup, a appurtenant dish, a main dish and dessert. Soup is the first course, in all likelihood because westerners want to refresh them selves with some soup before the meal, and taking soup will help to whet their appetites. The subsidiary dish is the second course.It is usually composed of various types of fish for fish is easy to digest. The main dish is a heavy free burdening in a Western banquet, and it is often composed of meat, especially beef sticks or fish together with vegetables. Salad, which is composed of lettuce, tomato, cucumber vine and asparagus etc. dessert come lastly. Western dessert includes all food after the main dish, such as cakes, biscuits, cheese, pies, pudding, fruits, ice cream etc. Sometimes, people drink coffee or tea with sugar and milk while they have dessert. 5. 4 Different tableware in Chinese and western food culture 5. 4. Chopsticks in Chinese food culture In China it is usually thought that people are an inherent part of nature. many an(prenominal) scholars pointed out that the traditional attitude of Chinese people toward universe or nature is â€Å"Oneness between Man and Nature. (???? )” (??? , 1997:59) downstairs the influence of this orientation, Chinese people attempt a balanced act with nature and try to live in harmony with it. China is also a traditionally agricultural country. Since Chinese people mainly live on rice and wheat as their staple food by cultivating the farmland, the harvest of the crops depends on nature.Therefore, in such cultural context and natural environment, people tend to live and work in peace. The application of chopsticks as the chief tableware can be traced back as early as the Shang and Chou periods, although hands were believably used more often than chopsticks (Chang, 1977:35). When Chinese people use chopsticks, they usually front to be cultivated and their attitudes toward food are gentle and kind. Roland Barthes, a famous cut literary critic, once talked about the purpose of chopsticks, and he remarked that unlike tell apart and knife, chopsticks were not used to cut, poke or stab food.Therefore, â €Å"food was no longer the course suffering the human beings’ violence but turned out to be the amount passed harmoniously through them. ” (??? , 2002:74) In this sense, chopsticks are the gentle medium between man and food, and they reflect the harmonious relationship between man and nature. 5. 4. 2 Fork and knife in western food culture Many Westerners think that people are dominant over nature. Quite different from China, the ancestors of many western countries lived by hunt club due to some ecological and historical factors. Of course, meat was their basic food seminal fluid and gradually took the place of staple food.In order to survive in severe and gravelly environments, they tried their best to be good at hunting, such as the use of some weapons like knives, forks and arrows etc to fight with or kill animals. That resulted in the aggressiveness and the undismayed sense in their temperaments. Compared with chopsticks, it is not exaggerating at all to say t hat knife and fork represent the violence and cruelty to food without any concealment. The way of eating in western countries actually reflects human’s conquest over nature. 5. 5 Different cuisine appointment 5. 5. 1 cuisine naming in China Cuisine naming in China differs from place to place.Generally speaking, there are three kinds of cuisine naming in China. The first cuisine naming method is, according to prof Wang Fengxin’s inquiry, the stir of an ordinary Chinese dish usually contains four part: main ingredients, subsidiary ingredients, way of sore and way of homework. They constitute the primary penury of Chinese cuisine naming. (Wang, 1999:220) He also believes that the naming of Chinese home-style cuisine is based on the primary motivation. latch on the Chinese cuisine â€Å"????? , Stir-fried Shredded pork barrel with Green Pepper” for example, its main peeled bodily is â€Å"? ,pork”; its subsidiary raw material is â€Å"?? green peppe r”; the result of cutting is â€Å"? , shred”, and its way of cooking is â€Å"? , stir-fried”. Certainly, not every Chinese cuisine naming should follow the pattern of â€Å"main ingredients—subsidiary ingredients— cutting method — cooking method”. For example, â€Å"???? , Fried Scrambled Eggs with love apple” is the pattern of â€Å"main ingredients—subsidiary ingredients— cooking method”. The second cuisine naming method is: usually, Chinese people eat for not only consumption but also many other purposes. In such a situation, they would like to have more refined and graceful describe calling than the plain styles for the food served.The petty(a) naming method consists of the initiator’s spot, the animal’s name and the implant’s name. As a military issue of fact, Chinese cuisine naming after initiator’s name usually involves much Chinese culture or historical education and the cuisine naming after the animal’s name or plant’s name may give rise to cultural implications. For example, Chinese people will naturally associate â€Å"??? , Dongpo Meat” with Su Dongpo, the initiator of this dish, who was a famous poet in Song Dynasty. It is verbalize that Su Dongpo created this dish when he was relegated to a local government.He did many good things for the local people, so they decided to give the dish a name after him as a kind of commemoration. The cuisine â€Å"??? , Lotus Soup”, will remind Chinese people of lotus, which has been taken as a noble plant for its purity and freedom from dirt. Actually, it is a kind of soup which is made with eggs. In Chinese cuisine naming, â€Å"?? ” stands for egg-white because of its shape and color. The one-third cuisine naming method is: in order to attract more customers, some restaurants or hotels give some common dishes very fantastic names, which originate from some Chinese l egends or allusions.For example, the cuisine name â€Å"???? , Turtle and Chicken Meat” originates from a famous historical allusion in antiquated times that a famous general was surrounded by his enemy and had to proffer an emotional farewell to his beloved concubine. Although the name is really attractive, the content is nothing new at all. 5. 5. 2 Cuisine naming in western food culture The feature of cuisine naming in Western countries is artless, which is similar to the first cuisine naming method in China. m is money in Western people’s eyes, and they think people should not waste too much time on trivial things like eating and dining.Therefore, from this point of view, the first and foremost essential for the cuisine naming should be straightforward and simple. For example, â€Å"Black Pepper Steak, ????? ” , â€Å"Stewed Seafood conclave with Lobster Sauce,?????? ” etc. You can easily embrace the meaning of the cuisine and know what it is. S ometimes, even the name of some restaurants, such as â€Å"KFC” (Kentucky Fried Chicken) will reveal the information about the cuisine they serve. Undoubtedly, straightforwardness is much more suitable to the Westerners for their fast measure of cooking and living. 5. Different healthy conceptions in Chinese and western food culture 5. 6. 1 Healthy conception in Chinese food culture Chinese food and drink usually contains little sugar, which will not lead to acquiring fat. But there are more and more fat people in China while our living trite has improved. China enjoys a good reputation for its plentiful and splendid cuisine. Chinese people have many complex cooking methods, such as braising, boiling, braising with soybean sauce, roasting, baking, grilling, scalding, deep-frying, steaming, drying, salt-preserving etc. (? ,? ,?? ,? ,? ,? ,? ,? ,? ,? , and the Chinese cuisine is always exquisite and tastes excellent. But much aliment is destroyed because of such complex coo king methods. Simultaneously, Chinese people share dishes when they have a meal. Everyone’s chopsticks touch the same dish and that highly increases the luck of hepatitis. 5. 6. 2 Healthy Conception in western food cultures Nutrition and balance are greatly cared for by westerners when they have a meal. An interesting phenomenon in western countries is the alimentational information on the food label, by which people’s concern about nutrition is clearly reflected.A look at information like the number of calories per serving, grams of fat, sodium, fiber and sugar content will make you more knowledgeable in selecting foods to sicken your nutritional health risk. In addition, the balance in diet structure is also essential to Westerners. Nowadays, more and more westerners are starting to worry about their weight for their diet containing too many calories. This is evident in menus in many restaurants whirl â€Å"low calorie” or â€Å"weight watchers” meal . The vegetable and fruit salad served to westerners all year around because they have low calories and high vitamin.In conclusion, it is by the influence of pragmatism that westerners are inclined to take the food into consideration basically from the nutritional perspective. In their eyes, food or eating is just a way to keep health and and so what the westerners care about most is the nutrition contained in food and the balance of the whole structure. When they have a meal, they use separate plates for each other, which usefully guard against the probability infection. 6. Conclusion By comparison and outline we have made so far, one conclusion may be pinched that Chinese and Western food culture reflect each other’s cultures with their own unique features.They are incomplete superior nor inferior to the other and should merit the same respect from each other. Certainly, for the process of globalization, Chinese and Western food cultures do not exist in isolation. It i s well known that globalization has been becoming an ineluctable trend around the world and an rigorous force to influence people’s life in almost every aspect. In other address, the wheel of human history has moved as inexorably forward from isolation to integration. Due to the fan out policy, Chinese people and Chinese culture have more and more chances of cutaneous senses with foreigners and foreign cultures.People of different cultures can gyp from each other. When Chinese culture is tuition or adopting something new or different from foreign cultures, we should remember that Chinese culture is also being learnt and adopted by them at the same time. A good case in point is that, nowadays, more and more people , especially the young people, have been fond of the typical western fast food like KFC or Macdonald’s, while on the other hand, more and more Chinese foods have been welcomed by foreigners, and it is said that where there are people, there are Chinese restaurants.In a word, Chinese and Western food culture will develop together by the cross-cultural communication. Bibliography [1] Chang, K. C. Food in Chinese Culture: Anthropological and Historical Perspective [M]. ground forces: The Vail-Ballou Press Inc. , 1977:35~304 [2] Chen, G. M. & Starosta, W. J. Foundations of Intercultural Communication [M]. ground forces: Allyn & Bacon Press, 1998: 3 [3] Hall, E. T. Beyond Culture [M]. untested York: Anchor Books, 1989: 46 [4] Neuliep, J. W. Intercultural Communication: A Context Approach [M]. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2000: 33 [5] Samovar, L. A. & ostiary R. E.Intercultural Communication: A indorser [M]. USA: Wadsworth Publishing Company, 2000: 62 [6] Samovar, L. A. , Porter R. E. & Stefani L. A. Communication Between Cultures [M]. Beijing: exotic phraseology Teaching & Research Press, 2000:clxv [7] Wang Fengxin. The Cultural Implication of the Chinese Cuisine Naming [M]. Beijing: Foreign Languag e Teaching & Research Press, 1999: 220~222 [8] ???. ???????? [M]. ?? : ?????????? ,1999: 93 [9] ???. ?????? [M]. ?? : ????????? , 1995: 59 [10] ???. ????? [M].?? : ????? 2006: 203 [11] ???. ????? â€â€???????????? [M]. ?? :??????????? , 2002: 74 [12] ???. ?????????? [M]. ?? ??????? ,2004: 16 [13] ??? , ???. ????? [M]. ?? : ??????? ,2006: 8 [14] ???.????????? [OL]. http://www. wfcyw. com/cywh/yswh/ 200608/22. html, 2007-04-16/2007-05-4. [15] ???.???????????????? [OL]. http://www. ilib. cn/A-bflc 2003 02028. html, 2007-03-16/2007-04-08. Acknowledgements The thesis has been completed. I want to register my gratitude to my give pedagogy *******. I received Mr. Zhang’s instruction in the writing of the thesis many times. I appreciate the tutor’s concentrated guidance and help not only in the selection of my title, requisite materials of the thesis, but also in the research writing.I can say that it is very rocky to have completed the thesis without his guidan ce. I wish to take this opportunity to express the hearty thanks to his advice. I want to express sincere gratitude to teachers and friends who cared about and back up my thesis. Here, I appreciate my classmates who helped out with my thesis. Finally, I wish to express my gratitude to Mr. Zhang again for his cautious instruction of my thesis. ———————†????????????????????????? ????? generation spic-and-span roman letters? ??? ???????? ??????????????? ,????????????? ,?? ?? clock cutting roman letters???? 1. 5???????? 4-5??????????? times New papistical???????? ?????? ,??????? ????????? ??? Times New papistic?????? â€Å"Key words:” ?? ,????? ??????????????????????????????? ???????? 1. 5??????????????? ?????????????????????? ?????????????? ????????? â€Å"??? :”?? ,????? ????????? ??????????????????????????????? Times New Roman???????? ?????????????? ?????????? Times New Roman?????? ?????????? Times New Roman?????? ?????????? ?????????? Times New Roman???????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? Times New Roman???????? ????????? ????????????????? (????? );?? ??? ??? Times New Roman???? 1. 5???????? 4~5?????? ???????????????????????? (????? ) ??????? Times New Roman???????? ????????????????????????? ??????? Times New Roman????????? ???????????????????????? (????? ) ???????????????????????? (????? ) ???????????????????????? (????? ) ???????????????????????? (????? )? ?? :??????????????????????????? ,?????? ,?????????????? ?????????????????? (????? ) ??? Times New Roman???? 1. 5??? Times New Roman???????? ?????????????? ??? Times New Roman???? 1. 5???????? 4~5?????? 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