Love and Marriage Between Wickham and Lydia

Love and marriage between Wickham and Lydia Pride and Prejudice is the most successful and popular novel written by Jane Austen. It revolves around the intricacies of courtship and marriage between members of social classes, which, in this case, is her own class – the middle class. In Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen describes many different loves and marriages. Whereby, she can express her viewpoint that one’s character often reflects his or her marriage and attitudes towards love.In this essay, I want to focus and analyse the sex-oriented marriage between a dissolute Wickham and an empty-minded Lydia. Wickham first appears as a very charming fellow. As an officer in the regiment stationed at Meryton, Wickham is quickly judged to be a perfectly good and amiable man because of his friendliness and the ease of his manners. Initially, his sexual fascination is so great that Elizabeth, who is normally very critical in judging people, sees at first absolutely nothing in him but makes him seem the most charming man she has ever met.Wickham’s constant attention to Elizabeth makes her feel sure that she is in love with him. He even makes Elizabeth to be inclined to believe his made-up story about Darcy. However, his true nature, on the contrary, gradually shows itself to be mean and wicked. â€Å"A curious degree of sexual attraction often goes with a lively, unreliable disposition, which may either be somewhat superficial but perfectly well-meaning, or driven by circumstance which it has not the strength to withstand, become that of a scoundrel. (Douglas Bush, 1956)Wickham’s love was short-lived. After being realized the real person by Elizabeth, he is immediately reported to court another lady, Miss King, who possesses ten thousand pounds. A sharp contrast emerges between his agreeable appearance and mean character. He regards love as nothing but a tool to acquire wealth. His elopement with Lydia is very sudden. It really leaves us some rooms to contemplate his real motivation. Lydia is not rich. It seems that Wickham’s elopement with her was beyond understanding.Nevertheless, further reading clarifies the obscurity and tells us his whole character. There are two motivations behind it. Firstly, he is a dissolute man who never stops seeking sexual passion. Secondly, he availed himself of a chance to flee his creditors. His flight was rendered necessary by distress of circumstances rather than by his affection to Lydia. Lydia is the youngest of the Bennet’s sisters. She is gossip, immature, and self-involved. She is also the favorite of her mother because the two have such similar characters. Mrs.Bennet’s affection has brought her into public at an early age; therefore, makes her become a stout, well-grown girl of fifteen. She has high animal spirits, and a sort of natural self-consequence, which the attentions of the officials, to whom her uncle’s good dinners and her own easy manners rec ommended her, has increased into assurance. Lydia is an empty-minded and uncertain flirt who never ceases seeking her own fun and sexual excitement. The only interests in her life are to flirt with red-coated officials in a militia regiment in the neighborhood.Lydia’s minds are more vacant than their sisters’, and when nothing better offered, a walk to Meryton is necessary to amuse their morning hours and furnish conservation for the evening. And â€Å"Lydia, with perfect indifference, continued to express her admiration of Caption Carter, and her hope of seeing him in the course of the day, as he was going the next morning to London. † She is so temperamental that she cries bitterly when she hears that red-coated officials would leave the local town and rejoices when some new red-coated officials come in. As Lydia is young and empty-minded, she never gives love a serious and proper consideration.Her thirsts for carnal desire and unrestrained life determine her sex-oriented marriage, Wickham is seductive and pleasing outwardly, but mean and dirty inwardly. While Lydia, foolish and dissipated, only enchanted by his glorious appearance, sees nothing of his real intention and personality. Obviously, Lydia and Wickham’s marriage is an example of bad marriage. Their marriage is based on appearances, sensuality, superficiality and youthful vivacity. Once they can no longer see these qualities in each other, their relationship will then fade away.

Examples of Evaluation Method

Preference Evaluation Example A. Direct-Objective Evaluation Direct-objective evaluation can be in the form of test result which connected the object with the objective of the test directly through the test result Examples : 1. Evaluate the student learning objectives by collecting information on student performance on tests.If the objective is to make students able to master a particular skill, and that skill is tested in a few questions on an overall exam, the instructor can evaluate attainment of the skill by looking at just those relevant questions on the exam which will give direct measure between the test result and particular skill they have. 2. Evaluate aircraft engine performance after shop visit. The objective is to get optimum airflow through the engine. The object is the clearance between the blades and the shrouds. Method : * measure the length of all blades * measure the diameter of the shrouds * measure clearance between blades and shrouds check on the manual book abou t the clearance limitations * make adjustment to get optimum clearance refer to manual This method will directly effect on the engine performance by resulting an optimum airflow through the engine which will maintain the engine bypass ratio on its optimum level. B. Ordinal Evaluation Ordinal evaluation allows us to sort the rank of the object that we measure. The limits of the values are not clear, so that can be compared only if the value is higher, the same or lower than the others but we can’t say how much different interval between the values. Examples : 1. The T-shirt size : S – Small M – MediumL – Large 2. The scale of frequency : 1- Always 2- Often 3- Rarely 4- Occasional 5- Never C. Pair Wise Comparison Pair wise comparison generally refers to any process of comparing entities in pairs to judge which of each entity is preferred, or has a greater amount of some quantitative property. The method of pair wise comparison is used in the scientific stud y of preferences, attitudes, voting systems, social choice, public choice, and multi agent AI systems. (Wikipedia) Example : Choosing to buy a motorcycle with criteria as follows : * Price * Economical * Design Weight for each criteria : * Price three times more important than design Price is two times more important than economical * Economical one-half times more important than design Pair wise comparison matrix : Criteria| Price| Economical| Design| Priority Vector| Price| 1| 2| 3| 0. 5455| Economical| 0. 5| 1| 1. 5| 0,2727| Design| 0. 333| 0. 667| 1| 0,1818| Total| 1. 833| 3,667| 5. 5| 1| Based on weight of each criteria, price is the most important, economical is the second important and design is the least important. D. Nominal Evaluation Nominal evaluation classified the criteria but with no relative meaning. Each criteria not represented which one is better or bigger, only categorized it ased on identification and fact of the object. Examples : 1. Number of DKI Jakarta citiz en based on religion (2005) : Religion : Islam, Christian, Catholic, Hindu, Buddha Province| Islam| Christian| Catholic| Hindu| Buddha| Total| DKI Jakarta| 7,157,182| 501,168| 336,514| 28,508| 313,217| 8,336,589| 2. Evaluate the number of people based on marriage status : 1 – Married 2 – Single 3. Blood type classification : A, B , O or AB 4. Ethnic group classification : Javanese, Sundanese, or Betawi 5. Classification of part based on color : red, blue, yellow, green, etc

Gender Issues In Primary Literacy Education Essay

The ‘gender spread ‘ within literacy at Key Stage 2 has late become a greater issue as the under-achievement of male childs within reading and authorship has been highlighted as a cause for concern ( Barrs and Pigeon, 1998 ; Millard, 1997 ; Wood, 2000 ) . As both male and female students are taught in the same manner, it is hence of import to research and discourse the issues which have lead to male childs in the primary school falling behind the misss. The National Literacy Trust ( NLT, 2010 ) has surveyed 17,000 immature people about their reading patterns. The consequences of this survey showed that 39 % of misss admitted to reading every twenty-four hours, compared with 28 % of male childs. Furthermore the survey besides revealed that 19 % of male childs say they merely read in category while merely 11 % of misss agree with this statement, 24 % of male childs think reading is deadening, compared with 13 % of misss and 45 % of misss like traveling to the library, while merely 35 % of male childs do. Such consequences merely serve to corroborate that the disparity in how both genders view themselves as readers, every bit good as the procedure of reading. This is particularly of import as farther NTL surveies have shown that reading frequence is strongly linked to attainment degrees, with 60 % of those who read every twenty-four hours accomplishing above the expected degrees for their age compared with merely 5 % of those who â€Å" ne'er † read accomplishing above the expected degrees. When discoursing the ‘explanations ‘ of low accomplishment degrees of male childs in Literacy at Key Stage 2, we must non merely see formal factors within the school and schoolroom, but besides any cultural and societal influences on the student. To get down it would be prudent to look at what may be considered the most of import factor act uponing an person ‘s literacy pattern, how they see themselves as readers. This is besides known as their ‘reader ego construct ‘ . Henk and Melnick ( 1995 ) believe that persons are influenced by this construct, and the procedure of doing the simple pick of whether reading is worth it. The person, they believe, calculates the attempt that would be needed for the reading undertaking and hence makes a determination on whether reading is to be avoided or non. Further surveies, from Clark and Foster ( 2005 ) , and McKenna et Al ( 1995 ) have found that boys by and large have more negative ego constructs than misss, and hence conclude that boys hold more negative positions towards reading. Such self constructs and position points lead to a low degree of motive towards reading, both within school and at place and may explicate why males are less likely than females to read for pleasance ( Cipielewski & A ; Stanovich, 1992 ; Libsch and Breslow, 1996 ; Logan & A ; Johnston, 2009 ) . There are a figure of research undertakings which suggest that these self concepts vary between the genders due to innate literacy ability. They province misss develop their verbal accomplishments quicker than male childs, and show between the ages of 18 to 24 months to hold superior verbal abilities to male childs ( Galsworthy et al, 2000 ) . In add-on Locke et Al ( 2002 ) found that misss ‘ linguistic communication abilities and non-verbal abilities were significantly better than male childs when come ining into instruction. Therefore, there is grounds that suggests that from the really start of formal schooling there is a little gender spread in literacy. Galsworthy goes on to province that due to these early differences, â€Å" a instruction attack which does non trust to a great extent on verbal accomplishments for word reading may profit male childs. † Coupled with this, Thompson ( 1987 ) believes that grounds shows a difference in schemes in the manner male childs and misss trade with reading. This belief lies in the grounds demoing that male childs and misss learn otherwise, hence, it is of import that there are gender friendly attacks to learning in topographic point in the schoolroom. Johnson and Watson ( 2005 ) conducted research to endorse these claims up, they found that with respects to reading and spelling, a technique concentrating on a ‘systematic man-made phonic ‘ method produced a much more positive response from male childs, whereas, female students performed to a higher criterion when taught with an ‘analytic-phonic attack. ‘ The research above non merely shows that boys learn in a different manner to misss, but besides suggests that they besides enjoy different types of text. Barrs ( 1998 ) , Hall and Coles ( 1997 ) and Moss ( 1999 ) each recommend a alteration in how reading communities are created in school, with the bulk, they all concur, tailored towards the reading manner and penchants of female scholars, whilst male scholars ‘ demands and penchants are grossly underrepresented. They form this sentiment due to school libraries concentrating their attending on fiction and narrative. Whereas, they province, male childs have been shown to prefer non-fiction texts. Furthermore, Millard ( 1997 ) and Probst ( 2003 ) agree suggest that current curricular accent and the text pick of the instructor do non fit the involvement, or the demands of male students. When interviewed about such alterations taking topographic point in primary school throughout the state, National Literacy Trust Director Jonathan Douglas stated in 2010: â€Å" We have late experienced immense success with a undertaking that inspired male childs to read through the exhilaration environing the football World Cup. More things like this must be done to instil a love of reading in male childs, and to alter their negative attitudes. We need to demo boys that reading and composing are ‘cool ‘ and are the first measure on a promising calling way and towards a successful life † A deficiency of apprehension of the issues above has the possible to take to boys avoiding reading. Millard ( 1997 ) , states that these cognitive differences are non the lone issues confronting male childs in footings of under accomplishment in literacy. She emphasizes the importance of reading function theoretical accounts at place and in school, peculiarly as reading is being perceived as a feminine activity due to female members of the household and primary school instructors, of which the bulk are female, supplying the premier support for reading. It would be of import, hence, for both male and female function theoretical accounts within the place or school to demo reading as an gratifying activity and above all else, its utilizations. By witnessing these grownups value reading in this manner the kid can get down to understand that reading is an of import activity. Rasinski and Fredericks ( 1991 ) province that: â€Å" It is important that kids see their parents use reading for a assortment of intents from amusement to keeping a occupation. Parents should demo kids the many ways that they use reading. † The basic undertaking of a parent reading for pleasance, hence, has the possible to act upon the kid ‘s perceptual experience of reading and would accordingly hold an tremendous power and long standing consequence on the kid ‘s educational success. Without being allowed to see reading in such contexts, the value of reading is non appreciated by a bulk male child ( Millard, 1997 ) . Millard ‘s concluded that the sentiment of many of the male childs questioned regarded reading as simply ‘a phase to travel through ‘ , and that one time they had learnt how to read, they could see small ground in go oning to make so. Furthermore, with respects to composing, research by Millard has shown through interviews with instructors that this spread is perceived to widen throughout the primary old ages of instruction. The interviews non merely show that gender differences are prevailing in relation to hapless attitudes towards literacy and usage of linguistic communication etc. But besides show that when discoursing their narratives, instructors report male students as holding ‘good thoughts ‘ , and demoing greater creativeness and imaginativeness than female scholars. Furthermore, Maynard and Lowe ( 1999 ) in their research found that instructors, when interviewed, reported that their male scholars seemed to bask composing activities, whereas their female scholars showed a great involvement and enjoyment at such undertakings. This is reported to be because of the male childs ‘ greater reluctance to compose narratives and their troubles in get bying with the many demands of narrative and f iction authorship. Similarly, Kanaris ( 1999 ) has stated that this is due to the different ways in male and female primary school kids use composing to build significance: â€Å" Girls by and large write longer, more complex texts. They tend to utilize a broad scope of both verbs and adjectives and develop their texts with more focal point on description and amplification. Boys ‘ composing tends to be more ‘event focused ‘ and is much more egoistic. . . ( they are ) less likely than misss to take themselves from the Centre of the action and state their narratives from the point of view of an perceiver. † Kanaris ‘ survey considers that written narratives by male students, hence, deficiency item and description and, like their penchants for reading, tend to concentrate on facts utilizing linguistic communication of ‘cartoons and cartoon strips ‘ instead than the descriptive linguistic communication asked for by the instructor, moreover, male childs were besides identified as less disquieted than the misss about pacifying the instructor with right replies and increased attempt. This peculiar idiosyncrasy was identified by Pollack ( 1998 ) as a ‘suicide cistron ‘ due to the male childs ‘ lassitude towards pacifying the instructor taking to underperformance, and he states that, â€Å" When male childs are non successful in school, their assurance is impairedaˆÂ ¦leaving them more likely to digest disciplinary jobs, be suspended from school or dropping out of school † . These disciplinary jobs are widely discussed within instruction literature as possible causes of male underachievement in literacy. ( Mac and Ghaill, 1994 ; Rudduck et al. , 1995 ; Younger and Warrington, 1996 ; Salisbury and Jackson, 1996 ; Warrington and Younger, 1999 ) The grounds in such studies returns to how male childs see female functions and male functions within society etc. The research workers concur that the impressions of maleness that boys conveying with them to instruction are in direct struggle with the ethos of the school in that they place really small value in the power of authorization. Younger et Al ( 1999 ) and Myhill ( 2000 ) believe that due to these peculiar perceptual experiences that male childs are conveying to school they begin to play up to peer group force per unit area upon image and attitude, impacting motive and committedness towards their work. Such surveies have shown engagement in category have been low, and even demo that some higher accomplishing male childs contribute less constructively than others within schoolroom treatment. Swain ( 2000 ) and Tinklin et Al ( 2001 ) believe that this behavior is an act to build their ain image of maleness within their friendly relationship and equal groups. Furthermore, Younger et Al province that during whole-class treatments whilst their part is less constructive, there is grounds of male childs ruling in the schoolroom. Taking the signifier of naming out more frequently than misss, and therefore are reprimanded more frequently. Whilst such behaviors can be damaging to their ain accomplishment in literacy, as being reprimanded can take to a bead in motive as antecedently discussed, this peculiar signifier of schoolroom behavior is besides to the hurt of misss. Their reaction to boys ‘ laterality in category room treatment has resulted in lowered outlooks and poorer attitudes towards acquisition ( Howe, 1997 ) . Hey et Al. ( 2000 ) conducted interviews with primary school kids in order to look into why such behavior from the ‘higher ability ‘ students is go oning. The students frequently admitted to experiencing like they have to feign non to be interested in work as an effort to maintain their topographic point in the hierarchy within the schoolroom. With this in head coupled with research from Van Der Gaer et Al ( 2009 ) in which they studied enjoyment of work and the consequences achieved in specific topics within school. Whilst they agree that misss seem to bask literacy more, and are more occupied in the exercisings, when taken this difference in gender into history the consequences acquired by the students did n't demo as bigger disparity between male childs and misss as might be expected. They hence believe that any gender spread in attainment is non down to ability, but largely down to engagement in the topics. It is interesting to observe at this point that research show s whilst male childs are fighting within a topic that is perceived as ideally suited towards female scholars the spread appears in topics in which are seen traditionally as male, such as scientific discipline and maths ( Millard, 1997 ) . Following on from Van Der Gaer et Al, Mead ( 2006 ) published a paper that stated that the overall accomplishment of male child has been increasing, and are now executing at a degree every bit high as it has of all time been. The job is, they believe, that misss are excessively executing at their highest degrees of all time. Research such as this, hence, suggests that it is non a instance of male childs underachieving in footings of what is expected of them, as they are deriving the highest Markss that they of all time have. It ‘s more a instance of misss within literacy executing above outlooks. When nearing the instruction of literacy within the schoolroom, the above issues need to be considered in order to efficaciously include both genders within the topic. Initially within the schoolroom, I would work towards bettering male childs ‘ accomplishment within literacy through the debut of stuff deemed appropriate to the acquisition manners of male scholars, whilst still leting for female students to be taught in a manner that suits their learning/reading manners ( Millard, 1997 ; Probst, 2003 ; Johnson and Watson, 2005 ) . With respects to reading, some suggestions to make this include reading fiction based on subject that stereotypically involvement male childs such as football based fiction or music etc. If utilizing this technique within my schoolroom, it is imperative to let scholars the chance to choose books that they would wish to read this will guarantee that the high degrees of accomplishment by female students will go on, whilst leting the male students to acc omplish higher as Former Secretary of State for Education and Skills, Charles Clarke, wrote in the Excellence and Enjoyment Strategy ( 2004 ) , â€Å" What makes good primary instruction great is the merger of excellence and enjoyment. Children learn better when they are excited and engaged – but what excites them and engages them best is genuinely first-class instruction, which challenges them and shows them what they can make. † Through the execution of such instruction attacks would besides assist further issues within the gender spread in literacy, viz. that of male motive towards reading and school. As discussed antecedently, a deficiency of male function theoretical accounts towards reading has led to male students making the sentiment that reading is slightly a female activity which is non of import for accomplishment ( Millard, 1997 ) . As a male instructor it is my function to move as a good function theoretical account for male scholars in order to demo good pattern of reading and its utilizations etc. Furthermore, the reading and grounds suggesting that parental engagement in reading is of import would besides act upon my instruction of kids both in and out of the schoolroom. Due to research saying the importance of parental engagement towards reading and composing, I would promote parents of my students to go more active towards literacy outside of the schoolroom and school environment. This nevertheless, might be hard to implement as Toomey ( 1993 ) found in research of over 40 households really resulted in no major difference in attainment being recorded. It would hence be appropriate to develop and develop the parents ‘ accomplishments at easing their kid ‘s literacy accomplishments, instead than merely simply inquiring them to ‘listen ‘ to their kid ‘s reading, with no scheme to work from ( Hayden, 1995 ) . Whilst looking at the benefits of being a male instructor and that going a good function theoretical account to boys within the primary school, every bit good as all other scholars, such a duty can assist move as a hindrance towards a deficiency of constructive engagement in the schoolroom and a bead in acceptable behavior of male childs in school. Swain ( 2000 ) and Tinklin et Al ( 2001 ) province that such behavior is an effort to build an image of maleness within equal groups, nevertheless, by developing my attack to learning it is possible to project a masculine character whilst besides being interested in larning ( Hey et al. , 2000 ; Younger et Al, 1999 ; Myhill, 2000 ) , moreover, Larsen-Freeman ( 2000 ) province that this attack would be successful as larning becomes even more effectual due to it being â€Å" facilitated in a cheerful environment † , whilst enthusiasm has been identified as a outstanding instructor behavior that affects pupil acquisition ( Carlise & A ; Phillips, 1984 ) . Finally, within the schoolroom I would be cognizant of the differences between male and female scholars with respects to larning manners. As discussed, Gipps ( 1996 ) and Warrington and Younger ( 2000 ) province that female students have a more co-operative manner to larning and as such are more likely to join forces with each other taking to a much more successful clip within instruction. Whilst boys it is believed ( Hey ey Al, 2001 ) have a wholly unaware of the benefits that speaking and sharing has towards larning. Therefore, a seating agreement that encourages the communicating between the genders may be appropriate in order to assist promote both genders learn from each other and develop larning manners from their equals ( Vygotsky, 1978 ; Bennett & A ; Dunne, 1992 ) .

Risk management plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Risk management plan - Essay Example The risk management strategy also explains and outlines specific responsibilities that the campaigners should take into consideration in responding to various threats posing dangers for their project. The campaign on elimination of violence against women is has risks associated with it whereby it focuses on the fight for a specific gender group, which puts of the other gender in any participation to the campaigns Violence against women is commenced and administered by men; hence a campaign towards the eradication faces a major problem in the family set up whereby the male is in charge and feels justified to cause violence whenever necessary for example in those countries that women are regarded to be submissive to their husbands regardless of the situation. The campaign has a major problem on fiscal issues following that it is a not-for-profit move, which solely depends on the donations from well-wishers and donors. Procedure of creating a competition to determine the donors contribu ting the highest amount publicly on online communities such as Facebook or twitter is also a problem involved with the campaign. This specific Campaign pose a problem in such a way that they are more focused on reaching the persons on the social network whereas the majority population is well covered by mass media including radio and TV networks. The other main problem is the specific choice of the donations from the funds solicited during the campaigns as other areas which face violence on women will fill not considered; hence not fill adequate to participate on the walk day as well as through the campaigns. Finally, the campaign is time consuming and involving following posting daily blogs and pictures on the social networks and elimination of violence against women website respectively, making regular donations, and participating in the August delegation The unruly of publicly display of donors lies in the fact that those donating small donations will fill inadequate to continues supporting the campaign once the highest are rewarded. Consequently, the campaign should encourage more on the importance of any donation no matter how small it is instead of setting up competitions for donors. In addition, this competition is prone to divert the peoples focus from the main theme of campaigning towards the elimination of violence against women to a winning competition. However, it is important to recognize those who donates high amount of funds, not by rewarding them, but issuing them a public certification to feel honored, which is a great strategy to motivating more potential donors. The problem of finance in the campaign strategy is evident from the fact that the success of the commencement of the campaign depends solely on the analysis of what it will achieve in terms of soliciting funds for the walk. The virtual walk to be scheduled prior to the final walk day campaign has a challenge following its financial requirement to make it a success, which will make do nors fill like there are two walks for the day marking elimination of violence against women. To avoid this, the campaign should focus more on convincing individual to fund the walk on the actual day and encourage the mass the

Concept Comparison and Analysis Across Theories Essay

Concept Comparison and Analysis Across Theories - Essay Example Subsequently, the emphasis on the health concept has affected the nursing concept. However, the health concept remains the nursing theory’s building block, with the aforementioned theories incorporating the concept of health as it is of major importance. This paper will present discussion of comparison analysis of health metaparadigm in General Systems, Self-Care Theories and the Human Caring Theory and highlight the main concepts in the Human Caring Theory. Discussion Health Concept Definition in King’s General Systems Theory Health metaparadigm refers to one’s dynamic experiences in life. When one optimally utilizes resources, he or she can attain full potential for daily life, which enables one to cope continuously with stressors within internal and external environment. Health can also be viewed as one’s capacity for social role functioning. According to Hanucharumkul (1989), King’s definition of health concept is equivocal. Health is viewed as how one is able to cope with growth and development stressors in internal and external environment, whereby one’s cultural inclination and efforts to conform are functional. This viewpoint seems to support Orem’s fundamentals for universal self-care and development. King’s view of social functionality of health is congruent with Orem’s viewpoint, although clinical model is not incorporated in King’s model. ... According to Hartweg (1990), Orem’s general theory has proven useful in health promotion activity by society. Health promotion concept focuses on illness. Orem’s concept of health promotion is correlated with concept of well-being and elevated wellness. The health promotion activity aims achieving high level of wellness for individuals, family, and community. The Self-Care Deficit Theory (SCDT) has been applicable in nursing context focusing on severe and chronic illnesses, such as rehabilitation, psychiatric and dialysis units. Health promotion concept enhances individual’s ability for general decision-making. Health promotion is only valid after attainment of stable health. Health promotion activity is conceptualized as an aspect of self-care activity. These activities must play integral role in life of an individual. Such activities might include positive nutritional practices, establishing systems for social support, coping with stressors, and involvement in physical exercises. The activities help in articulation of individual's potential (Hartweg, 1990). Self-care encompasses responsibility for adult’s own health, well-being, and existence. Self-care is initiated personally and must form important component of one’s lifestyle. King’s general conceptual framework echoes Orem’s pragmatic theory of self-care as deliberate practice. Health promotion behavior and practice of self-care tend to be congruent, with self-initiated self-care carried out with intention of attaining specific health targets. Orem attempts to distinguish health from well-being as two concepts that are related to state of humans. Orem defines health as condition

Giant Car case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Giant Car case - Essay Example In the current case the other elements, intention to create legal relations and consideration, are not in question, but the element of offer and acceptance is. In this respect, it is significant to show first that there was a valid offer and secondly that the offer was accepted. In order to form a contract, the parties involved must reach a mutual consent or meeting of minds. This mutual consent is attained through offer and acceptance that does not alter the terms of the offer.1 The rule applicable in determining if there is mutual consent is the application of the mirror image rule. The rule dictates that an offer must be accepted without altering the terms of the offer. An alteration of the terms of the offer amounts to a counter offer and cancels the initial offer. Lord Langdale in Hyde v Wrench2 ruled that a counter offer acts to cancel the initial offer. In this case, Wrench offered to sell Hyde a farm for ?1,000. Hyde in reply to this offer offered ?950 for the farm which Wren ch refused. Hyde thereafter wanted to accept the initial offer of ?1,000. Wrench refused to sell him the land and Hyde brought an action for specific performance. The question before the court was whether a valid contract between Hyde and Wrench existed. In deciding that there was no legally binding contract, the court noted that when a counter offer is made this offer destroys the initial offer such that the initial offer is no longer open to be accepted by the offeree. ... Additionally, these responses may deal with other issues rather than substitute the original terms of the offer.3 Their language can also manifest an intention to retain the initial offer under consideration, and they should not be considered counter offers. A mere inquiry on the offer does not constitute a counter offer Stevenson v McLean4. In this case, McLean wrote to Stevenson on Saturday with an offer to sell iron ore. The letter indicated that McLean would sell the ore for 40s in cash, and the offer was to remain open till Monday. On Monday Stevenson telegraphed McLean asking if he would accept 40 for delivery over two months and if that was not possible the longest period that was acceptable. McLean later sold the iron ore to a third party after receiving the telegram from Stevenson. McLean later sent a telegram to Stevenson that he had sold the Iron ore, but Stevenson had telegraphed Mclean accepting his offer prior to receiving the telegram indicating the ore was already sol d. The question was whether the telegram sent by Stevenson was counter offer or a mere inquiry to the original offer. In arriving at its decision, the court observed that the wording in the communication did not include anything specific to infer a rejection but was a mere inquiry which ought to have been answered and not considered a rejection of the offer.5 It is, therefore, essential to note that in order to distinguish between an inquiry and a counter offer it is prudent to look at the details of the communication. A counter offer varies the terms of the original offer while an inquiry does not vary these terms. In Simon's case, his communication that he would buy the car at ?5,500 was a counter offer to the

Reasons for the failure of the hundred days reform in 1898 (History of Essay

Reasons for the failure of the hundred days reform in 1898 (History of China) - Essay Example In 1895, Shimonoseki mortifying treaty inflamed the anger of China’s public. Students took an action against this agreement and around 600 young students signed a ‘Ten Thousand Words Memorial’ refusing Shimonoseki treaty and promoted institutional reform. Kang Youwei was the leader. Regardless of the official and traditional ban against the political grouping, young scholars shaped an organization called hsueh-hui to save the country. After 1895, many loyal societies of this type emerged. These societies were extended over the provinces and were struggling to save their homeland. Emperor Guangxu and Kang Youwei were brought together, as both had the same motive to save their homeland from the enemies and unfaithful leaders.1 At that time there was a great threat posed to the people and the country of China and to settle the situation they needed a revolution. China was lacking in every field i.e. of technology and education. Technology was outdated in China and to compete with the developing world there was a need to change and adapt the conditions of the developing world. In the late 18th century countries started demanding China of un-authorized benefits which they had to give to them as they were not strong enough to fight with them. The emperors did not take this matter seriously until 1898 when Emperor Guangxu realized the significance of this threat and took some precautionary measures in order to avoid any mishap which could occur. He was a man who realized that the country needed to adapt to the changing conditions of the world and leave behind the traditions and culture which limited them in progressing. On June 11, 1898 the Emperor finally decided to announce for a change in the country of China. This change was first welcomed by the masses and people of China. The emperor tried to implement policies of his own which gave a new way of progress to China. This article would further

Management for Organizations Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Management for Organizations - Term Paper Example No matter which segment of the industry this contact center provided services to, the fundamental principles of management never changed. Effectiveness and efficiency are the two governing principles. While the other five changed from one to other depending upon the nature of client and the objectives it set. For instance, if a government organization like the national sui gas company would like to take services of the contact center, the primary concern would be to take care of the orders and try to convince the customers in whichever way possible. This allowed the call centers agents and operators to get aggressive or sometimes even hang-up on customers that were not really converting into sales. As the government departments don’t really need to sell to be able to generate cash. They have different set of rules. On the other hand, when it’s the private companies, they need to be able to retain their customers and be able to develop a real presence with them, as they need to give them better services than the competition. Here are five elements and their implementation at the ABC Inc; Planning Whenever a task needs to be started, it starts with proper planning. Each goal is derived from a specific service response (Nelson, 2008). Like every other successful company ABC Inc. also undertakes planning very seriously as the whole progress depends upon this blue print (planning). For instance when a new client approaches the company to start providing services the top managers and the client representative sit together to figure out the details. The top managers ask almost every possible detail they can extract from the client so that they put in all factors in the planning process. This would involve the budget they have, their short term and long term goals, their priorities, their desired customer portfolio and their weekly milestones. This list is matched with the company’s current services, and the bargaining is done to make sure that eve ry detail is settled right at this planning phase. When this agreement is made then comes the internal planning of the company. An in house meeting is held where all the people from concerned department are gathered. The top manager gives a presentation about the new client and the respective project. This presentation is customized and is kept brief as the pre planning is done at the agreement time. This phase is scheduled for working forward from the briefings given by the top manager with the approval of the chairman and the president. Then the senior HR manager comes to give his part of the presentation to describe the plan. This part is extremely crucial as each task is broken down and assigned to the relevant person/department. Participants to the meeting are encouraged to ask questions, raise their concerns or even argue if they think there is a better alternative. Leading Leading comes after the panning is done. Without leading there is no following, and eventually there is no productivity. At ABC Inc. leadership is given paramount importance, as there have been many times when a project is very difficult, pays very low or is extremely difficult to run. However, when the effective leader like the VP or the floor manager steps in

International Business Strategy - BOFFI Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

International Business Strategy - BOFFI - Essay Example They started offering a wide range of products like baths, lights, faucets, and other accessories. Then the company started producing third product lines like panel wall, cabinets, cupboards etc. Eventfully they started diversification and brand extension in many markets. Boffi opened their monobrand shops in places like London, New York, Frankfurt and Miami. Boffi has made its presence known across many international markets due to its wide range of quality products. They have employed an international strategy for each of the country they operate. This report will look at the external and internal forces which Boffi faces in 3 countries, Italy, France and India. Italy has a framework of democratic, parliamentary and a multi party system. In Italy the legislative and executive are independent of each other. But recently Italy has faced a major turmoil in their political environment due to uprising of society against government of Italy. The new government of Enrico Letta is also in shaky ground. Thus present political condition of Italy is not good. The political condition of France is not stable. Presently only 20 percent of French population supports their President which lowest presidential rating in their history. This shows that the political situation of France is rather tense. Also there is presence of strict regulation for bathrooms in the country. Boffi had its presence in Italy since its time of inception. It faces challenges which they have been accustomed to. Italy is basically a capitalist economy, and it has a high per capita GDP. As part of European Union, Italy has a well established social and economic climate for companies to invest. The economy of France is somewhat different than other modern economies. It is described as a rouge economy where workers go constantly on strike and operations of a company is held captive by powerful

Question 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Question 2 - Assignment Example While there are reported some positive trends during the recent years including enhancement of the entrepreneurial environment in the country (Roberts 2012), there still are some critical zones that make business environment less attractive. Thus, for example, based on the infrastructure, red tape, corporate governance, corruption and crime criteria, Philippines is ranked in the last position comparing with Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand (Escribano et al, 2009). Moreover, Philippines fail to protect the investors and there are more difficulties in obtaining credits than in its Asian neighbor countries. In terms of attraction of foreign direct investment to the economics of Philippines, there also exist some formal and informal barriers imposed by government combined with weak judicial system and corruption (Roberts, 2012). All these factors make Philippines less desired destination for multinational corporations and foreign direct investments. Based on the recent World Bankâ€℠¢ survey results, Philippines fall toward the bottom of the ranking of business-friendly environment (Lesher, & Plummer 2011). However, despite even its unfavorable investment climate, according to the UNCTAD, in the first half of 2013 there was recorded the second biggest FDI inflow to the Philippines among ASEAN countries (Malinao, 2013). Escribano, A., Guasch, J., de Orte, M., & Pena, J. (2009). Investment Climate Assessment in Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand: Results from Pooling Firm-Level Data.  Singapore Economic Review,  54(3),

War and Peace Among People and nations Research Paper

War and Peace Among People and nations - Research Paper Example War can be defined as organized conflict carried out by countries, states, organizations and even gangs. With war comes economic social and civil disruption and upset of power in society. War started out as small raids way before mankind’s civilization. Civilization according to the new world encyclopedia is where people live together as societies so as to form settled dwellings and cities. Before this, war was just for food and territory between a few. With civilization and the progress of mankind the reasons changed from physical to ideological as was seen in the world wars and more so in the cold war between capitalist and communist ideology. There many reasons why humans state and sovereign nations go to war. Natural Resources have been a key factor in most wars, land, minerals, money. The gulf war for example was triggered by Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait on 2nd August 1990. Some of the major reasons for the invasion as stated by the then President Saddam were that Kuw ait was in essence a province of Iraq. He was very bitter that Iraq remained landlocked and claimed that before the British colonialist drew up the boarders they were one with Kuwait. Another reason was that Kuwait was overproducing oil and exporting it at a lower price and it affected the market. This was generally not good for Iraq which had just come from the Iraq-Iran war. Her economy had weakened and she was deeply in debt. But there are also noble reasons why humans go to war. The united states civil war to liberate black Americans from slavery and to salvage a country and that is one of the major factor that has led to the prosperity of the united states of America. Humans also go to war to gain freedom from oppression and to stop human rights abuse this has been seen mostly in African countries through civil wars and uprisings against dictator’s and violent oppressors. In world war two, states went to war to stop Hitler who was responsible for mass killing and discrim ination in his country. The mass slaughter of innocent citizens pushed many people from all over the world to enlist into the war against the Nazi regime. Hitler’s mad regime had to be stopped at all cost. His declaration of war against France and Britain made him a threat to the people of the two nations . The USA justified it joining the gulf by stating it had geopolitical interest in the region and that the attack on sovereign Kuwait was unacceptable. In some cases justifications are vague allied interest tend to give the impression of an underling agenda. Extremist and terrorist groups criticize outside influence and blame it on the lack of prosperity and development in their own countries. Some have religious justification, they believe that certain groups of people are cursed because of diversity. War however is but one of many other ways to solve conflict. International sanctions is one method that has proven effective to countries and leaders who violate human rights and oppress there people. During the gulf war, the UN gave heavy sanctions that were carried out against Iraq for its invasion of Kuwait. Navy blockades were placed all around to enforce the blockade. Sanctions are one way of ensuring that co-operation since they stopped the country’s import and export suffocating its economy and starving her. Germany too suffered huge loss to such a point that had to ration out food due to a British blockade that stop any ship

Subway Assignment Essay Example for Free

Subway Assignment Essay Fred and his friend Dr. Peter Buck got a loan of $1,000 to open the submarine sandwich shop which now we know as Subway. Subway opened in August 1965 in Bridgeport, Connecticut. Both men had decided that the goal for Subway was to operate 32 stores in 10 years. By 1974 they had 16 Subways up and running. Knowing they would not reach the goal set back in 1965 the two men decided to franchising and launching the Subway brand into the global brand it is today. Subway has amassed 37,885 restaurants in 99 countries. For something that started off as just a way to make money for a man to live his dream of becoming a doctor, it has turned into one of the biggest food chains in the world. These numbers mean that Subway has the most restaurants in the world of any other restaurant chain. Subway has three big values and philosophy. Family – Subway build their business relationships by treating each other, the customers and communities like family. These brings a very close feeling to the whole franchise. Teamwork – Subway challenge themselves to succeed through teamwork against goals shared by everyone at Subway and to all be accountable for their responsibilities. Opportunity – Subway create great chances for entrepreneurs, by allowing people with good business sense to open a franchise of their own. The Structure and Employees The structure for Subway starts at the main headquarters in Milford, Connecticut. From there it goes globally. It goes as far as USA to Ireland, onto Afghanistan and even further. Every different Subway shop opened has got the same structure to it. Subway has got a tall structure, meaning it has different levels of management and people have to answer to people who work above them. Many businesses that run like this aren’t like Subway though. Subway is extremely friendly, from the store owner all the way down to the sandwich artists and everyone working in the store does get an opinion on some new ideas. The Subway departments are as follows: Executive, Administrative, Franchise Brands, Development, Operations, Technology, Marketing, International, Finance, Legal, Store Owner, Store Manager, Assistant Store Manager, Team Leaders and then Sandwich Artists. Considering Subway has so many restaurants in so many countries, they have provided so many jobs which is brilliant. According to the main Subway website, the headquarters alone employ a thousand people. Across all of the franchises worldwide there is more than three hundred thousand jobs. Subway are always looking to open more franchises which will provide more jobs and the fact that they are such compact restaurants, means there is so much opportunity to open more franchises. The Functions of staff Executive – This team supports company wide operations at Subway’s headquarters. This role includes customer care and the business process eam. Administrative – The administrative team is responsible for employee management and grounds and shipping centre oversight. Franchise Brands – This team offers a diversified portfolio of new and promising ideas that will improve the Subway experience for franchises and customers. Development – This is the team th at works very close to the people who want to open their very own Subway restaurant. Part of the job is to help with real estate planning and recruiting new franchisees. Operations – This is the team that enforces and provides training and operational assistance to franchisees and field staff. Technology – This is the team who are responsible for implementing and maintaining all technology systems that are in the company and provide technology initiatives so franchisees can operate their business more efficiently. Marketing – This is the team who present the public face for Subway. These teams departments include research and development, which develop and test markets the food that Subway serve and the franchising advertising fund are responsible for the creation and placement of commercials and print ads. International – This is the team that deal with the franchises outside of the USA and Canada. Franchise Owner – This is the person or people that pay for the right to use the Subway name and they own that particular franchise. Store Manager – The store manager reports directly to the franchise owner. The store manager must maintain a high quality store operation. The store manager must also analyse financial performance, ensure that customers are happy and make sure that all sandwiches sold are a high quality. The store manager must also provide support for all of the other shop staff. Assistant Manager – The assistant manager pretty much assists the store manager in his or her job and will be able to stand in if need be. Team Leader – The team leader must report to both the store manager and the assistant manager. The team leader must also be responsible for serving customers, following health and safety procedures and keeping the store clean. They also must train in new sandwich artists. Sandwich Artists – The sandwich artists are the face of the shop. These are the people you will see the most when you walk into a Subway restaurant. It is their job to make the delicious sandwiches and to make sure that the customers are happy with everything. They also must make sure the shop is clean all the time and maintain good health safety standards.

Definition of management

Definition of management Executive summary The constitution of the people in an organization which includes planning, organizing, leading, motivating and controlling at all levels of the management. An introduction to a variety of tools, idea and system that are used to analyze and understand the inside and outside of business environment of a firm. Management In the simple term refers to making things done by others. History The word manage come from the Italian word maneggiare which means (to handle -especially a horse), which in turn derives from the Latin word manus (hand). Later on the French word mesnagement (later menagement) influenced the development in meaning of the English word management in the 17th and 18th centuries. (www.answers.com) (www.encyclopedia.com) FINDINGS:- Definition of management:- â€Å"The conventional definition of management is getting work done through people, but real management is developing people through work† By ‘Agha Hasan Abedi Management is defining both science and art but thats not so important, what important is? Management is a method that is used to achieve organizational objective; that is, a method that is used to attain what a firm wants to achieve. A business can be in any field or entity or any group in which people come together to perform their respective task. Managers are the person to whom this task is given. And thus the managers achieve these goals through the key function like (1) planning, (2) organizing, (3) directing, and (4) controlling. Some of them also include leading as a managing role, but leading is a part of directing. Planning: Planning could include setting of organizational aims and goals. This are usually done by the higher management of the organization and as the part of business objective, then the manager build up the same strategies for attaining the goals of the organization. Organizing: Organizing refers to the technique in which the organization distributes it resources, assigns their respective duties, and goes about achieving its goals. It is shown by an organizational chart; with the three main levels starting with top level (ceo) followed by the middle level (managers and executive) and at last the lower level (workers and labor). Directing: Directing is the process which would everyone relate to supervision. It is supervising, or leading workers to achieve the objective of the business. In many organizations, directing involves making coursework, supporting workers to carry out the coursework, interpreting organizational guidelines, and notifying workers to how well they are acting towards the respective goal. To successfully carry out this task, managers must have leadership ability in order to get workers to execute the work effectively. Controlling:- controlling is a function which involves the valuation of activities that the manager should carry out. It is a procedure of shaping the organization goals and objectives to be met. The process also includes correcting the business conditions for which the purpose and objectives are not meeting. There are many more other activities which are a part of controlling process. Managers must know and set some standards of appraisal for workers. PESTEL Analysis Political factor:- Political issues include government guidelines and legal issues and define both formal and informal rules under which the firm must function. Some examples of political factor include: tax policy employment laws trade constraint and tariffs political permanence Economical factor:- Economic factors affect the purchasing power of potential customers and the firm ´s cost of capital. The Economic condition is influenced by the political and government guiding principle, being a major influence affecting government assessments. The following are examples of factors in the macro economy: Economic growth Interest rates Exchange rates Inflation rates Social factor:- The Social factors comprises of the demographic and cultural phase of the external macro environment. These factors affect customer wants and the size of potential markets. Some social factors include: health consciousness population growth rate age distribution career attitudes emphasis on safety Technological factor:- Technological factors are those factors that can lower barriers to enter markets, reduce minimum efficient productivity levels, and influence the outsourcing decisions. Some technological factors include: RD process automation activity technology incentives rate of technological transform Legal factor:- These are allied to the legal obligation in which company operates. In latest days in UK there have been many considerable legal changes that have affected firms behavior. The introduction of age discrimination and disability legislation, the increase in the minimum wage and greater supplies for firms to recycle are illustration of relatively recent laws that affect an organization. Legal changes can affect a firms costs for example:- Future legislation European/international legislation Regulatory bodies and processes Employment law Consumer protection Environmentalfactor: Environmental factors include the weather conditions and climatic changes that take place. Changes in temperature can blow on many industries including farming, tourism and insurance. There is a major climate change taking place because of global warming and with greater environmental alertness this factor is becoming a major issue for firms to reflect on. Examples:- Ecological Environmental issues Environmental regulations Stakeholder/ investor values Organization structure and its design Organizational design is the process by which managers select and manage various elements and working of organizational structure and culture so that an organization can achieve its objective. Organizational structure is the formal system of work and reporting relationships that controls, co-ordinates, lead and motivates employees so that they work together to achieve an organizations goal. As a manager one should create an organizational structure and culture such that: Which Encourages employees to work hard and encourage them towards their work attitudes. Allows the employee and all the middle n lower level groups to cooperate and work together effectively. Structure and culture affect: Behavior Motivation Performance Teamwork and cooperation Intergroup and Interdepartmental relationships. Hongkong and shanghai banking corporation limited. The HSBC Group has an international history which is unique. Many of its most important companies opened for big business over a century ago and they have a history which is rich in diversity and success. The HSBC Group is named after its founding member and the founder of it was Sir Thomas Sutherland, The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited and a public limited company, which was established in year 1865 to finance the growing trade between China and Europe. It was started as it headquarters in hongkong and than until 1992 hongkong served as a world headquarter when it was forced to move to London as a condition of completing the acquisition of midland bank. As a public limited company hsbc is listed on different stock exchanges of the world like London, hongkong, Paris, India, Bermuda constituent of the FTSE 100 Index and the Hang Seng Index. (www.HSBC.co.uk/history) INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN USE AT HSBC FOR THE TRADING PORTAL HSBC was a founder member of the ‘FXall software, the leading multi-bank FX trading portal. With increasing competition in electronic FX trading, HSBC wanted to be the first bank to introduce the new QuickFill functionality software. QuickFill enables customers to execute trades based on streaming Prices i.e. using configurable deal sizes for different currency pairs as opposed to a request for quote (RFQ) system where a deal is executed against the best available quote in the market. QuickFill allows customers to see a price and simply â€Å"hit† it. The system provides a 24/7 operation base with rates being managed globally from a range of HSBC financial centres. This software enhances functionality to enable streaming prices, rapid implementation within an infinite timeframe, and transfer of required details over multiple levels and minimized the risk by strict project planning. Structural and contextual dimensions of HSBC Structural dimensions: Centralization:- This means the extent to which functions are dispersed in the company, either in the terms of integration with other functions and geographically. Since HSBC is a worldwide banking corporation all functions are dispersed into different departments under different heads. In such conditions centralization is not possible and so the entire organization functions are de-centralized so as to make the functioning easier and smoother. Formalization:- This concept is regarding to the extent of policies and procedures in any organization. HSBC being a highly accredited name all over the world, it is very important for the management to upkeep its name and standard in the world wide market place and so for this reason it is essential that formalization levels in the company be very high. This company deals with high profile clients and so every employee must be aware of all the rules and regulations of the company so as to avoid reduction of reputation in the eyes of the customers. Hierarchy:- This concept is regarding the extent and configuration of levels in the structure of the organization. Hierarchy of a bank at the stature of HSBC is very complicated as it involves both a flat as well as tall structure hierarchy and level of management. Basically, the bank tries to follow a flat structure and has decentralized all its departments so as to increase efficiency and productivity of the organization. Specialization:- Specialization refers to the extent at which activities are refined in the organization. Like any other multi-national corporation even HSBC has a high amount of specialized employees working under different departments from different fields and educational backgrounds. The company advocates a policy of well defined tasks and roles for each employee so as to avoid overlapping job portfolios. Training:- Training is the extent at which activities to equip organizational members with knowledge and skills are carried out, about their roles. Before an employee can be sent onto the floor to handle customers each employee has to undergo various trainings so as to be fully equipped with complete knowledge over all the queries that a customer might have. This training is highly professionalized so that no errors are made on the side of the employee who would result in the loss of a potential or existing customer. As this is in the banking sector low professional training standards are not advised and harmful for the company. Contextual Dimensions: Culture:- The values and the beliefs shared by all employees in the organization should be maintained in decorum. Culture is often explained by examining the norms and behaviors of employees in the workplace. HSBC has a multilingual culture where persons from all over the world come together and work in a single workplace as a team. So, its said that ‘HSBC- THE WORLDS LOCAL BANK. Environment:- Environment refers to the nature of external influences and activities in the political, social, technical, and economic areas of business. A stable environment is very essential for any business to survive and function smoothly in a way as per norms written down in the memorandum of association. Being a world wide bank it is very difficult to say that HSBC has a stable environment as it might have a stable environment in one of its branches but that is not the same with each and every one of its franchised branches. Goals:- The unique overall priority and preferred end-states of the organization is known as its goal. The goal of the bank is â€Å"To be the Bonding Company that guarantees continuance in the market to satisfy appropriately and professionally the bonding needs of our obligors and the assurance of timely fulfillment of our bond to our beneficiaries† (www.hsbc.co.uk). Size:- The number of people and resources in the organization and their span of control in the organization. HSBC is a highly resourceful bank and has the most number of employees in comparison to any other bank. Basically, we can say that HSBC is a large multinational corporation with around 8500 offices over 119 countries which consist of more than 1 million employees and workers. Technology:- The unique activity needed to reach organizational goals, including nature of activities, specialization, type of equipment/facilities needed, etc. HSBC provides their customers with both products as well as services. The main technologies includes computer softwares and banking instruments which have made modern life un-livable without. SWOT ANALYSIS â€Å"Situation analysis in which internal strengths and weaknesses of an organization, and external opportunities and threats faced by it are closely examined to chart a strategy.† (www.businessdictionary.com) STRENGHTS:- Competitive market and brand name. High standard regulatory environment Flexible work permit system and good quality staff offering personal client service WEAKNESSES:- Tough competitors Retail and staff affluent customer proposition Lack of legitimate access to all markets Rigid laws that prohibit development OPPORTUNITIES:- Brand expansion Unified trade body to lead finance sector program change Active and aggressive targeting of private and corporate clients Co-ordinate business relationships thus investing in the ecosystem THREATS:- Changing scenario which makes investors hard to invest. Outsourcing to cheaper jurisdictions Downsizing and reduction in banking operations Regulations in foreign trade capital markets Impact on the service sector ecosystem Conclusion Service sector management is an important factor for any business organization and with the rapid growth of these sector people are keener to develop the habit of providing services with all the necessary means available to them. Due to high competition in the service market people are scared to invest in banking sector, hsbc have always arrived up with various schemes to hold the interest of its customers. As mentioned: High competition in the banking sector, hsbc has to increase the confidence in the mind of their customer about the reliability and security of their investment compared to other banking service provider. Best service compared to the other providers. Hsbc should be more concentrative in after sales service, There is opportunity but no security; it should emphasis more on service than any other thing. Hsbc should give some more sound strategies to trap more customers giving more comparison with other investment center. Due to uncertainty of market hsbcs security investment are subject to market risk and there is no guarantee that the objective be will achieved. The growth of retail financial services sector has been a key to the development on the market front. Both the public and the private bank will not only keen to tap the domestic but also to hold the international market of financial services. Now foreign banks will be more likely to gain foothold in prospective global market. Therefore the future will belong to them who develop good and strong service strategies, internal controls cost effective services and instruments and innovating new evolution in the SERVICE SECTOR market.

Fixed and Discretionary Trusts Test

Fixed and Discretionary Trusts Test Consider whether the different tests for certainty of objects applicable to fixed trusts and discretionary trusts are appropriate. The tests for certainty of objects differ depending on whether there is a fixed trust or a discretionary trust. This essay will consider whether the different tests applicable to fixed trusts and discretionary trusts are appropriate. Initially, the complete list test applied to both types of trusts. According to this test, the trust is void unless it is possible, at the time it is created, to draw up a complete list of the class. In a fixed trust, the beneficiaries and their shares are identified in the trust instrument. The trustees have a duty to distribute the trust property according to the precise allocation made by the settlor. It is therefore necessary, for the trustees to draw up a list of all the members of the class, before division of the trust property occurs. If they are unable to establish every member of the class, the trust will be void. It can be argued that the complete list test applicable to fixed trusts is appropriate and the courts are justified in taking a strict and demanding approach. The strictness and necessity of the test best ensures compliance with the settlors intention. One may argue that the â€Å"is or is not† test should apply to fixed trusts. However, this test would not be required in fixed trusts where the beneficiaries have already been identified in the trust instrument. Hence, there is no need for the trustees to exercise their discretion in determining whether or not someone is a member of the class. Furthermore, the number of beneficiaries is more likely to be limited with fixed trusts, compared with discretionary trusts. The complete list test was also previously applicable to discretionary tests. However, this is no longer the case since McPhail v Doulton. In McPhail, the trustees were given an absolute discretion to apply the income for the benefit of employees and ex-employees of the company, and their relatives and dependants. This was estimated at a very large number and so it almost impossible to satisfy the complete list test. Hence, it would have been void as a discretionary trust. In order to avoid this, it was held to be a power of appointment, and so valid under the â€Å"is or is not† test. The House of Lords found that a discretionary trust had been created. However, they changed the test for discretionary trusts to the â€Å"is or is not† test. The test is whether it can be said with certainty that any potential claimant is or is not a member of the class. There were two different views expressed in the House of Lords regarding the appropriate test for discretionary trusts. On the one hand, it was argued that the complete list test was the appropriate test because the trustees would need to consider every possible member of a class before exercising their discretion. If the trustees are in default, the court would have to distribute the trust property equally between the members of the class. In order to do so, they would need to draw up a complete list of the class. However, the majority judgement, given by Lord Wilberforce, argued that it is not sensible or realistic to imagine a settlor to ask the trustees to consider every single member. If the settlor had intended the trustees to consider every member of the class, and, for each member to receive an equal amount, he would have stated it in the trust instrument. The fact that he did not state this, and allowed the trustees to exercise their discretion, suggests that he did not intend equal distribution of income. This reflects the aim of discretionary trusts, which is to allow trustees to use their discretion in deciding who should benefit under the trust, and in what proportions. Therefore, all the settlor expects, is that the trustees carry out an appropriate survey of the class, so there is no need to be draw a complete list. Furthermore, where the court has to distribute the money, it is not necessary to divide the money equally, because each person would get a small amount, which is not what the settlor intended. Hence, we can see that the complete list test might be appropriate in cases involving discretionary trusts concerning small family trusts. In such cases, it will be feasible for the trustees to draw up a list of the members of the class, as there will be a small number of beneficiaries involved. Therefore, it will be necessary for the trustees to consider all the members of the class before exercising their discretion. On the other hand, the complete test is too strict and inflexible in cases involving large discretionary trusts. The test would make such trusts void for lack of certainty due to the number of beneficiaries involved which would make it almost impossible to draw up a complete list. Furthermore, there will be costs in drawing up the class. The final amount each member of the class will receive would be so small as to not be of any use to a member. Thus, the complete list test would not best give effect to the intentions of the settlor. Hence, it would be more practical and appropriate to use the ‘is or is not test in such cases. However, this test is easier to state than to apply. This is illustrated by the fact that McPhail was sent back to the High Court in order to determine whether the terms â€Å"relatives† and â€Å"dependants† made the trust void for conceptual uncertainty. Although the trust was upheld, the judges gave very different views. Stamp L.J. took the literal approach that the â€Å"is or is not† test could only be satisfied if it could be said of every potential claimant that they were or, were not, within the class. On the other hand, Sachs L.J. decided that the class test is only concerned with conceptual certainty and not evidential certainty. He also thought that the burden of proof was on the person claiming to be within the class. This might be disadvantageous to individuals who cannot prove their entitlement. Megaw L.J. adopted a middle position. He held that conceptual certainty alone is insufficient and that some degree of evidential certainty is required. Thus, Re Bayden illustrates the difficulty in applying the ‘is or is not test to discretionary trusts. However, the fact that this matter has not arisen in any later cases suggests that it has not been a practical problem. It can be argued that the â€Å"is or is not† test is inappropriate to use as a test for discretionary trusts. This is because the same test is also used in powers of appointment, and since powers and trusts are different from each other, their tests should not be the same. This may be justified on the basis that the â€Å"is or is not† test is more flexible and appropriate, than the complete list test, in cases involving large discretionary trusts. Using the complete list test would invalidate large discretionary trusts on the basis that a complete list cannot be provided. This would clearly not provide a satisfactory result. Therefore, it is suggested that the complete list test is appropriate in fixed trusts since it best ensures compliance with the settlors intentions. Similarly, whilst the â€Å"is or is not† test is probably not the ideal test to apply in discretionary trusts, it is more appropriate than the complete list test used in fixed trusts. Question 2 In his will, Colin leaves  £100,000 to the Hillingbridge Tennis Club, an unincorporated association, to enable it to build an extension to its existing pavilion. The money is paid to Morris, the treasurer of the club, who puts it into a specially opened bank account, which he calls the Extension Account. Soon afterwards, the club is wound up. Discuss Colin left  £100,000 to Hillingbridge Tennis Club to be used for the building of an extension to the pavilion. However, this purpose can no longer be carried out since the club is wound up. There will be a dispute as to who gets the  £100,000. In order to solve this dispute, it will be necessary to work out how the money was held by the club. An unincorporated association has no legal personality and so it is not a legal entity that can hold money. This means that the club cannot be a beneficiary. Hence, a gift to it cannot take effect as a gift on trust for the associations purposes as it offends the beneficiary principle. Furthermore, it is unlikely that the sports club is a charitable association, and so the money cannot take effect as a purpose trust since, such trusts are usually void. The money was paid to the treasurer of the club, Morris, who holds legal title of it. However there is much controversy as to what the basis on which the money is held. The courts have struggled for ways to determine this. Colin left the money to the club for a particular purpose. Therefore, one approach is that the money is held under a Re Denley purpose trust. Under the Re Denley principle, the terms of the trust are stipulated by the donor and the unincorporated association has to use the money in accordance with those terms. In Re Denley, it was held that where a trust is expressed in the form of a purpose, it may still be deemed valid if it can be said to be for the direct or indirect benefit of one or more ascertainable individuals.† Thus, if it is held to be a Re Denley purpose trust, although the members of the club are not beneficiaries, they will have sufficient locus standi to overcome the beneficiary principle, and to enforce the trust. This is only possible in ‘inward looking associations where the performance of the purpose of the trust will benefit the members, who are identifiable persons. It can be argued that the building of the extension to the pavilion will benefit the members since they will need to contribute less money towards the construction of the extension. The building of an extension will also improve the facilities in the club and the members of the club will financially benefit from this. In Re Denley it was not possible to uphold the gift on the basis of the contract holding theory because the gift was not made to an association. However, in our case, the club is as unincorporated association and so the money may have been held in accordance with the contract holding theory. This is the standard approach to the problem of property holding in unincorporated associations. Under the contract holding theory, the money will be considered as a gift to the members subject to their contractual rights and liabilities towards one another. Hence, the trust cannot be subject to the terms stipulated by Colin. It will be subject to the terms of the contract between the members who, collectively, can decide what to do with it. They may use the money according to the purpose for which it was given but are not required to do so. Thus, in Re Lipinski, money left by the testator was, prima facie, subject to the stipulated terms. However, it was held that the gift could be upheld under the contract holding theory provided that the stipulated purpose was an expression of the motive of the gift rather than a binding purpose. This could be the approach adopted here so that the purpose stipulated by Colin is considered to be only a motive. The club did give effect to Colins stipulation as Morris had put the money into a specially opened bank account, which he calls the ‘Extension Account. It may be assumed from its name that the money in the account was to be used in building the extension. However, it is unlikely that the money was used to build the extension since the club wound up soon afterwards. Therefore, in Re Reechers, it was held that a gift to an unincorporated association would have taken effect under the contract holding theory, if it had remained in existence. The gift would have been valid as an accretion under the contract holding theory. Therefore, when an unincorporated association own funds, for ordinary everyday use, there is an assumption that the money is held on contract holding theory and, the gift is an accretion to those funds. This may be applied to the case here if the money in the ‘special account is held to be the ordinary funds of an association. This is unlikely to be the case since it may also be argued that the building of an extension is an ordinary use of funds. Alternatively, it may be argued that this is trivial since, according to the contract holding theory, the money belongs to the members, who may do whatever they want with it. The contract holding theory overcomes the beneficiary principle because although none of the members own a share, collectively, they own the club. Therefore, together, the members can change the terms of the contract, or make any other changes to it, and this is sufficient to satisfy the beneficiary principle. The contract holding theory also overcomes the objection based on perpetuity because the members can collectively access the property and dispose of it, in accordance with the terms of the contract between them. What happens to the money upon dissolution of the club depends on whether the money is held on a Re Denley purpose trust or the contract holding theory. If the money is held on a Re Denley purpose trust, then on the dissolution of the club, the trust will fail and the money will be put on a resulting trust for Colins estate. Colin left the money in his will to the club and the fact that it has been given to Morris implies that Colin is dead. In Re West Sussex, the court assumed that the money was held on trust to carry out the purposes of the association and when it failed, the property was held on a resulting trust to the people who contributed in proportion to their contribution. However, the trust in Re West Essex was not described as a Re Denley trust. On the other hand, in Re Bucks Constabulary Fund, the court reached a different conclusion although the facts were similar to Re West Sussex. It was held that on the dissolution of the Friendly Society the money was to go the members. The decision in Re Bucks reflects the approach adopted today. Therefore, it is likely that the gift will be upheld under the contract holding theory and so the money will go to the members who own it collectively. The club has always been in the ownership of the members, and so it is the contract between them, which determines what happens to the money. Providing that the contract between the members does not prohibit it, the members can divide the money equally between themselves. As the matter concerns the contract between members, there can be no resulting trust since, such trusts only occur in equity. It is likely that the members of the unincorporated association are alive. Hence, the doctrine of bona vacantia will not apply here. Bibliography Burrough v Philcox (1840) 5 My Cr 72 IRC v Broadway Cottages Trust [1955] Ch 20 Neville Estates v Madden [1963] Ch 832 McPhail v Doulton [1971] AC 424 Re West Sussex Constabulary Fund [1971] Ch 1 Re Reechers WT [1972] Ch 526 Re Badens DT (No 2) [1973] Ch 9 Re Lipinskis WT [1976] Ch 235 Re Bucks Constabulary Fund [1978] 2 All ER 571 OT Computers v First National Tricity Finance [2003] EWHC 1010 Haley McMurty, Equity Trusts, (Sweet Maxwell, 2006) at p.52, p.142 Watt, Trusts,(Oxford University Press, 2006) at p. 82 Kevin Boone, The K-Zone http://www.kevinboone.com/lawglos_CertaintyOfObjects.html

Teaching Philosophy Essay -- Education Teaching Teacher Essays

Teaching Philosophy "True knowledge exists in knowing that you know nothing. And in knowing that you know nothing, that makes you the smartest of all." — Socrates I believe that every person is a student. Whether in a high school classroom or on a city street, there is always something new that can be learned. However, it is sometimes easier to gain knowledge in the structured environment of a school. A school is more than a building, though. A school is a structure of teachers and pupils engaged in the task of learning. As a teacher, it will be my responsibility to guide my students through their learning. I will point them in the direction of a new fact and help them find it on their own. I will do my best not to stand in front of the classroom everyday simply stating theorems and examples for my students to memorize. Instead, I will observe them to learn when they need to be instructed and when they need to discover on their own; when they need more structure and when they need more independence; when they need discipline and when they need reward. I will do my best to meet these needs and assist my students with any other obstacles they may encounter. I will treat my students with respect and will expect my students to treat me with respect. Everyday I will learn something new from my students, just as they will learn from me. I believe that every student deserves the opportunity to learn in safe, comfortable sur...

The Failure of American Public Education :: Education Reform Essays

The most powerful aspect of this essay is not the essay itself (as you will see) but, rather, the fact that it was written by an American college student. Throughout many years, education has played an important role in improving our minds and society. However, what many people tend to forget is that our education is not at the best it can be. Education is defined as receiving or giving systematic instruction, especially at a school or university. Many people today questions whether or not our education depends on the people teaching it or if it’s the student’s responsibility to want to learn. "To what extent do our schools serve the goals of a true education?" Education helps people learn new things, but it can be changed. Although education helps students learn and plan for the future, it can be improved to help benefit students ahead of time. On January 1st, 1975 public law number 94-142 was The Education for All Handicapped Children Act. This law secured the fundamental ideals, rights and responsibilities to ascertain equal access to public education for all children who are crippled. What education has done in the years it has been around is that it simply makes life one sizably extensive, perplexed system of steps and processes. Our schools don’t accommodate the goal of a true education, but it makes it appear that they are. It would seem that the goal for a true education is for someone to absorb attention, but it is not always right to fill adolescent minds with careless facts or the ways of the world that is decided by a committee. The way that attention is gained for students is to give their own perception on things and have their own notion. From Report of the Massachusetts Board of Education, Horace Mann states that, â€Å"education, then, beyond all other devices of human origin, is the great equalizer of the conditions of men, – the balance wheel of the social machinery.† It explicates that the consequentiality of kinds of education, including political, moral, religious, perceptive, and physical are paramount to people and to education. Education could be considered an ingredient for prosperity. Education brings power to every aspect of the mind. When a teacher gives out a test and tells the students to put their items away, Students incline to take one last visually examine their study sheets. When the test is placed in front of a student, but as one or two go to answer the first question, they freeze in apprehensiveness.

Benefits of Leisure Essay

‘All work and no play, makes Jack a dull boy’ – something we were taught in kindergarten, but something we forgot along the way. Although we are all aware of the need and benefits of leisure, it’s not until something seriously goes wrong with our health or relationships that we start thinking about it. The importance of leisure has been so vividly understood, that companies and organization’s are slowly beginning to regulate overtime and over-working, and are encouraging employees to take time off during weekends and holidays. They no longer encourage late-nights, but instead prefer their employees to check-in and check-out at the correct timings and work more productively during office hours. So, what has caused this change? To understand that, let’s look at some of the major benefits of leisure. 1. Healthier and longer life: The health benefits of leisure are well-known. People use their leisure time to engage in activities that include both exercises as well as other stress-relieving recreational activities. Exercises provide a lot of health benefits such as cardiovascular benefits, reducing cholesterol and hypertension, improving spinal and neurological problems, increasing bone mass and muscles, increasing lung capacity, and improving overall wellness. Entertainment activities also has its share of benefits by relieving stress, reducing tension, soothing mind and body, bringing about positive changes in attitude, and improving social communication and interaction. These psychological changes also impact physical health in a positive manner. 2. Economic benefits: If you need to exercise or relax, you need the time, space, and opportunity to do so. The places of recreation are unlimited these days. It is a complete industry in itself like the hospitality industry. Leisure and fun-time activities are a big-time business today. Whether it is the play station and play areas at the malls and cinemas, or the resorts where you just spend your weekend, all are intended to ensure you enjoy and relax yourself. And while you relax there are others working around to ensure you get the complete benefit of a holiday. And all this simply means that there is a whole new world of job and business opportunities. Travel and tourism is believed to generate more money flow and income within and between countries. It generates more income than even the agriculture and automobile industries. 3. Better society: Leisure has lots of social benefits that are not easily noticed or widely advertised, but make a significant difference to the society. A work-oriented society will not find many opportunities for the growth of art, culture, and sports. Leisure is what provides the opportunities for the growth of these activities. Recreational activities also encourage tourism and that in turn promotes awareness of culture and history. 4. Strengthens family bonds: Leisure not only promotes the creation of a better society but also promotes the bonds of family ties. Setting aside time for recreation ensures that you spend more time with family, especially the special people in the family like the elderly and little children. Spending time with family and friends strengthens relationships and thereby strengthens the society as a whole. This integration brings about social cohesion and adds more meaning to life. 5. Protects environment: Although in an indirect manner, leisure also contributes to the protection of the environment. The need to create recreational places compels people to look into maintaining a clean and green environment. This leads to the maintenance and protection of the environment from harmful elements. Be it our local park or the forest resorts that we enjoyed our holidays in, all these in their own little way contribute toward a greener environment. Thus, leisure is essential not only to ensure a healthy body, an active mind, and strong relationships; but in its own way, it also contributes to a better economy and a better environment. benefits of leisure.

The Metamorphosis

The Metamorphosis is a fiction novel that attempts to explore idealism concealed in fantasy. The protagonist, Gregory is a sales man who is the bread winner of the family. He is a child of the family, but works hard to take care of his family, including his parents. He has a very busy and tiring life. He is ever out on business trips or at work. His hard work is not in vain, he is able to meet the needs of his family. He does not like the job however, he is only striving to clear his parents' debts, after which he intends to quit. It is at this point that the story gets dramatic suddenly, he metamorphoses into a vermin. The family is shocked at first, then when they realize he is no longer beneficial, they decide to get rid of him. The novel does not dwell on the event. The reader is faced with the aftermath. The whole happening, the how, is missing from the text. Perhaps the account of this is missing because Gregory must have been asleep, therefore could not decipher changes in his body. The main theme in the story is alienation. The story follows a simple straight forward plot which present the reader with a chance to easily comprehend. Gregory is alienated from the society, his family and himself. He opts for a permanent elimination after his metamorphosis. This is due to the fact that life becomes almost unbearable. He is an insect with a human identity. The alienation in the storyThe story appears simple and superfluous. From the onset, where Gregory turns into a vermin, the reader's spirit is invoked into deep thought. The whole ideas seems irrational if not illogical, at least by the laws of science. We get to interact with the life of a business man, who can no longer fend for the family due to his new state. The whole story appears metaphoric as it goes beyond natural instincts.The story is carefully designed to make the user come to terms with it citation. This is to illustrate the truth of metamorphosis. Scientifically, metamorphosis is a process of irreversible transfiguration from one less developed form to a more developed form. In a story that attempts to create a fantasy in a real world, the reader is thrown into an unreal world that is unrecognizable by the mind. How can a man change into a Vermin overnight?As the story progresses, it gets clearer when compared with the present day industrial revolution. The advancement in technology makes the metamorphosis ‘real'. The story is symbolic and it gives a forecast into the future. The present day levels of alienation will be surpassed. The more the social Medias grow the more individualism grows. This shoots alienation to a whole new level.Much of the story is based on the after metamorphosis has taken place.it is only after he has turned into a gigantic insect that he begins to analyze his life. He had never thought about his interests at deep length. His main goal had been to work as hard as possible for the family. His parents had a debt which he had purposed to clear. When he turns into a vermin, he does not even for a moment ponder over the possibility. He is only thinking about how he is going to get to his job. To be able to sustain the family. He relates the situation with his inability to work, and laments about that only. He does not worry about how it happened. He quickly adapts to being an insect and hides behind the couch. He takes the whole life of an insect and alienates himself further. At the realization that he is no longer human, his family develops hostility. He becomes an enemy. The father wants to kill him while the mother faints. He is further alienated when the family gets ashamed of being with him. The members of his family thinks he is very ugly, dirty and scary. He also gets to develop the same attitude towards himself.We are showed how much serious it gets after metamorphosis has had effect. He is denied his rights. He is not a family member anymore. He has to adjust to a new life. Eating like an insect, sleeping under the couch among other sad realities. He has never had a chance to be close to anybody, since he has always been busy working. He had no personal life, his had been just work. It is only with his sister, Grete, whom he is a bit close with.He has always wanted to advance her studies in violin. He loved the way she played it. But now he could not even get a chance to watch her play, he was considered a nuisance.He loses track of his old life. He instead finds himself as a human being trapped in an insect body. He still yearns for his human lifestyle and hopes to incorporate it in his insect life. For instance, he does not approve of the decision by his family to remove the furniture from his room. His family assumes that he does not need them anymore since he is not a human now. But he does not cherish the idea of running around in an empty room. He however, is unable to make his wish known to them. His is an insect, with an ugly appearance. If he shows up to try to prove a point, it would only scare them and perhaps attract more hostility. Therefore he decides to maintain a passive nature. He prefers his room as it was previously as it reminds him that he is human. He wants to feel that he is still human, with feelings. He is not yet ready to lose his human identity as of yet. Earlier, he had a job and he was human, however, he was still alienated. He had work to attend to since he was the breadwinner of the family. Gregory was naturally motivated by the suffering of others. He didn't want any other member of the family struggling. He worried about their wellbeing and for this cause, he was always alone working. He would either be in restaurant rooms on business trips or at work on his own. His urge to help his family is crystal clear, although this contributes actively to his alienation. The novel vividly describes Gregory's plight before he undergoes metamorphosis. He starts lowly, then with hard work and great effort, he is able finally, to feed the family comfortably. The family is happy at his efforts, but does not make any attempts to understand his personal life. The family gets used to the provisions he makes. The family alienates him and does not see beyond the money he makes.Gregory dislikes his job. The job prevents him from living a life true to his lifestyle. He is forced into the job by circumstances. He plans on walking out, but cannot do so presently because he has a debt to clear. A debt he is paying for his parents. His selfless nature adds more to his personal sufferings as man. This makes his life unbearable even before his metamorphosis. He sticks to job he hates not because he wants to, but because of a more honorable cause. This, as expected, alienates him further. The protagonist, Gregory agrees to die, when the sister, with whom he had ever managed an intimate relationship with, finally decides that they need to get rid of him. â€Å"The decision that he must disappear was one that he held to even more strongly than his sister if that were possible. In this state of vacant and peaceful meditation, he remained until the tower clock struck three in the morning. The first broadening of light in the world outside the window entered his consciousness once more. Then his head sank to the floor of its own accord and from his nostrils came the last flicker of his breath.† (135pg). He approves of the idea partly because he thinks that it would do the family good. He thought he was already becoming a burden, and one who is used to reaching out to people, promptly approves of his death. This is the final stage and the most fatal permanent alienation he subjects himself to. The novel brings Gregory's alienation to light before and after metamorphosis. He suffers both as a human and as an insect. He suffers more as a vermin as compared to when he was still human. He can no longer go to work, thus the guilt weighs more heavily on him. He is now an insect and feels that he needs to disappear from the lives of his family members, therefore he opts for a permanent method. He dies, thereby alienating himself permanently.